Long term prognosis after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma: A survival analysis of 204 consecutive patients

Abstract

BACKGROUND. Intrahepatic recurrence continues to be the main cause of late death among hepatocellular carcinoma patients after hepatic resection. The aims of the current study were to identify the prognostic factors affecting long term survival and to evaluate the clinical value of pTNM classification as a prognostic factor for these patients. The identification of significant prognostic factors plays an important role in the selection of patients for postoperative adjuvant therapy and counseling. METHODS. From January 1989 to August 1995, 204 consecutive patients underwent hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma. The overall cumulative and disease free survival rates for these patients were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses of 16 clinicopathologic factors, including factors associated with pTNM classification, were performed to determine the significant prognostic factors. RESULTS. The median periods of overall cumulative survival and disease free survival were 35 months and 12.4 months, respectively. By univariate analysis, all factors associated with tumor (T) classification, namely, tumor size, vascular invasion, the number of tumor nodules, and tumor localization, were correlated with survival. By Cox regression analysis, preoperative indocyanine green retention value at 15 minutes, tumor size, and number of tumor nodules were independent prognostic factors of long term survival, whereas the number of tumor nodules, tumor size, and venous permeation were the most powerful predictors of tumor recurrence. The cumulative 5-year survival rates for patients with Stages I, II, III, and IVA tumors were 72%, 55%, 34%, and 8%, respectively. Significant differences in cumulative survival curves were observed among the categories of pTNM classification. CONCLUSIONS. The results of this study showed that pTNM classification correlated well with postoperative survival. Preoperative evaluation of hepatic functional reserve with an indocyanine green clearance test plays an important role in determining the long term prognoses of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.