METHODS FOR COMPLEX TISSUE ENGINEERING

Abstract

A simple, highly flexible and scalable platform for making functional complex tissue with heterogeneity and irregularity is provided. The method includes combining undifferentiated cells, such as pluripotent or multipotent stem cells, with a biomaterial to make multiple undifferentiated or naive subunits, exposing the undifferentiated or naive subunits to different cell culture environments for induction of differentiation towards different lineages as required by said complex tissue, and combining the then functional subunits solely or with the undifferentiated subunits. The differentiated subunits thus combined can be cultured under biological, chemical, and/or physical culture conditions suitable to fine-tune the structural and functional properties of the bioengineered complex tissue to form a bioengineered tissue graft that mimics the structural and functional characteristics of native complex tissue. Said bioengineered tissue graft can be used to replace dysfunctional tissue.