Addressing heritage conservation in post-earthquake planning: Reconstruction plan of historic town Bungamati of Nepal

Abstract

The 2015 earthquake in Nepal measuring 7.8 on the Richter scale caused serious damage to Kathmandu Valley and the surrounding rural settlements. More than 9,000 people died, 22,000 were injured, 750,000 houses were damaged or destroyed, and eight million people were reportedly affected. The earthquake not only destroyed rural settlement, but also Kathmandu Valley’s centuries old urban heritage and monuments. Traditional temples, stupas, towers, gates, and squares have been severely damaged. With the establishment of National Reconstruction Authority (NRA), several institutions along with international organisations pledged to contribute in the rehabilitation and reconstruction of infrastructures, buildings, and heritages. In this context, historic settlements of Kathmandu Valley also received widespread attention for urban regeneration and development. Recognizing the historical and cultural significance of the towns, it is stressed that traditional architecture, cultural identity and urban spaces of such towns should be rejuvenated with strong emphasis on community well-being. Considering the case of historic town 'Bungamati' of Katmandu Valley, this paper highlights on the heritage and cultural significance of the historic town. With support of findings through interview with key informants, interaction with local communities and field visits, the paper reviews on reconstruction process and the effectiveness of reconstruction plan in addressing cultural continuity and heritage conservation to promote community sustainability. This paper will recommend how the historic towns of Kathmandu valley such as Bungamati need to be reconstructed and to rekindle their resilience.