中国养老政策的演进及智慧社会下居家养老的发展

Abstract

人口老龄化已经成为世界各国、各地区社会经济发展面临的重要问题。中国从2001年步入老龄化社会，提升老龄群体生活质量对于全面实现小康社会意义重大，也是促进中国城镇化健康发展的需要。梳理了中国20世纪80年代以来养老政策和实践的演进路径，强调了居家养老既要符合中国社会经济发展的特征，也要满足老龄群体的生活需求；鉴于中国社区的养老服务设施供给仍然滞后于老龄化发展的现状，探讨了在智慧社会下，通过信息化策略（虚拟空间）与可步行邻里环境（实体空间），提升已有养老服务设施的服务覆盖面和质量、构建老龄群体的智慧社区生活模式、促进居家养老服务的时空匹配、提升居家养老服务的质量水平等策略。

The aging is a worldwide issue with great impacts on various aspects of society. In China, the portion of the population older than 65 years old surpassed 7.0% in 2001. In 2016, the figure reached 10.1%. Improving the living quality of the older population is imperative on the Government's agenda. This paper first provides an overview of China's policy on older people since the 1980s. With the emergence of the e-society and the ubiquitous availability of information and communication technology (ICT), the opportunities of using ICT to better support the aging-in-place are enormous. Against this background, this paper proposes a smart system of supporting the family-based and community-based aging-in-place through the development of an information and service e-platform for older people (virtual space) and a transformation of the neighbourhood environment, especially in urban areas (physical space). This new holistic framework can become an integral part of China's smart city strategy.