C1q modulates the response to TLR7 stimulation by pristane-primed macrophages: Implications for pristane-induced lupus

Abstract

Copyright © 2016 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc. The complement component C1q is known to play a controversial role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Intraperitoneal injection of pristane induces a lupus-like syndrome whose pathogenesis implicates the secretion of type I IFN by CD11b+ Ly6Chigh inflammatory monocytes in a TLR7-dependent fashion. C1q was also shown to influence the secretion of IFN-α. In this study, we explored whether C1q deficiency could affect pristaneinduced lupus. Surprisingly, C1qa-/- mice developed lower titers of circulating Abs and milder arthritis compared with the controls. In keeping with the clinical scores, 2 wk after pristane injection the peritoneal recruitment of CD11b+ Ly6Chigh inflammatory monocytes in C1qa-/- mice was impaired. Furthermore, C1q-deficient pristane-primed resident peritoneal macrophages secreted significantly less CCL3, CCL2, CXCL1, and IL-6 when stimulated in vitro with TLR7 ligand. Replenishing C1q in vivo during the pristane-priming phase rectified this defect. Conversely, pristane-primed macrophages from C3-deficient mice did not show impaired cytokine production. These findings demonstrate that C1q deficiency impairs the TLR7-dependent chemokine production by pristane-primed peritoneal macrophages and suggest that C1q, and not C3, is involved in the handling of pristane by phagocytic cells, which is required to trigger disease in this model.