Early and late outcomes in Hong Kong Chinese patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy

Abstract

Objective. To determine the benefit of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for stroke prevention by reviewing the early and late outcomes of Hong Kong Chinese patients undergoing CEA who have a high reported incidence of intracranial atherosclerotic disease (IAD). Methods. Fifty-nine Chinese patients underwent 62 CEA. There were 48 males and 11 females, with a mean age of 70 ± 7 years (range: 52 - 86 years). Twenty-one CEA (34%) were performed for asymptomatic disease. Duplex scan was the primary tool of evaluation prior to surgery. Preoperative angiography was done in 36 instances (58%). All CEA were performed under general anaesthesia with routine intraoperative shunting. The arteriotomy was closed primarily in all patients except three. Patients were followed up regularly with six-monthly Duplex scan surveillance. Results. There were 2 perioperative neurological events consisting of one transient ischemic attack and one minor stroke. There was no operative mortality or major morbidity such as bleeding or cranial nerve injury. Mean hospital stay was 6.5 ± 4 days (range: 3 - 26 days). The patients were followed up for a mean interval of 24 ± 17 months (range: 1 - 57 months). Seven patients died during follow-up and subsequent neurological events occurred in 5 patients, including 2 fatal strokes. The 3-year survival, freedom from stroke and stroke free survival were 86%, 87% and 83%, respectively. One recurrent stenosis of 80% was detected on follow-up Duplex scan. Conclusions. Despite a high incidence of IAD, CEA in Hong Kong Chinese patients is associated with acceptable perioperative morbidity and mortality with satisfactory long-term efficacy in stroke prevention.