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Article: Spatio-temporal trends of heavy metals and source apportionment in Tolo Harbour, Hong Kong

TitleSpatio-temporal trends of heavy metals and source apportionment in Tolo Harbour, Hong Kong
Authors
KeywordsHeavy metals
Sediment pollution
Sources
Spatial distribution
Temporal trend
Tolo Harbour
Issue Date2010
PublisherSpringer. The Journal's web site is located at http://www.springer.com/earth+sciences/geology/journal/12665
Citation
Environmental Earth Sciences, 2010, v. 60 n. 7, p. 1439-1445 How to Cite?
AbstractThis study provided a picture of the spatial and temporal distributions of Cr, Co, Ni Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb in bottom sediments of Tolo Harbour. The concentrations of the eight heavy metals differed significantly between sites due to the poor tidal flushing in Tolo Harbour. The levels of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb were generally enriched in sediments from inner Tolo Harbour, while sediments from outer Tolo Harbour (Tolo Channel) had higher levels of Cr, Co and Ni. The redox sensitive element arsenic showed no distinct spatial pattern in Tolo Harbour. The decreasing levels of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in sediments with increasing distance from land demonstrated a typical diffusion pattern from land to the direction of sea. Two hot spots of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in sediments were located near Tai Po and Sha Tin new town, indicating that Cu, Zn, Pb and Zn were from land-derived sources. The sites with relatively high levels of Cr, Co and Ni in sediments were located in areas close to waste spoil in sea floor. The natural and anthropogenic inputs from Sha Tin and Tai Po to Tolo Harbour were mostly responsible for Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb enrichment in sediments from inner Tolo Harbour. The waste spoil in sea floor was believed to contribute to the Cr, Co and Ni in outer Tolo Harbour. The results of correlation coefficient between the eight heavy metals showed that Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb were strongly positively correlated, and Cr, Co and Ni were also significantly correlated with each other. The best explanation of strong correlation was their similar source. As, however, is not well correlated with the other seven heavy metals. The average concentrations of Cu and Zn displayed general increasing trends from 1978 to 2006 in Tolo Harbour, while the mean levels of Cr and Pb displayed a substantial decrease from 1978 to 1987, then a slight increase after 1987. No distinct temporal trends of the concentrations of Ni and As were observed from 1978 due to the inconsecutive data. On the other hand, the increasing trends of Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb were observed since 1996. © 2009 Springer-Verlag.
Persistent Identifierhttp://hdl.handle.net/10722/129168
ISSN
2023 Impact Factor: 2.8
2023 SCImago Journal Rankings: 0.633
ISI Accession Number ID
Funding AgencyGrant Number
Research Grants Council of Hong KongHKU 7028/06P
Funding Information:

This study was supported by the grant from the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong (HKU 7028/06P). The authors wish to thank Shengyan Tian, Robin Liu and Phil Xu for assistance in field sampling.

References
Grants

 

DC FieldValueLanguage
dc.contributor.authorChen, Ken_HK
dc.contributor.authorJiao, JJen_HK
dc.date.accessioned2010-12-23T08:33:14Z-
dc.date.available2010-12-23T08:33:14Z-
dc.date.issued2010en_HK
dc.identifier.citationEnvironmental Earth Sciences, 2010, v. 60 n. 7, p. 1439-1445en_HK
dc.identifier.issn1866-6280en_HK
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10722/129168-
dc.description.abstractThis study provided a picture of the spatial and temporal distributions of Cr, Co, Ni Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb in bottom sediments of Tolo Harbour. The concentrations of the eight heavy metals differed significantly between sites due to the poor tidal flushing in Tolo Harbour. The levels of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb were generally enriched in sediments from inner Tolo Harbour, while sediments from outer Tolo Harbour (Tolo Channel) had higher levels of Cr, Co and Ni. The redox sensitive element arsenic showed no distinct spatial pattern in Tolo Harbour. The decreasing levels of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in sediments with increasing distance from land demonstrated a typical diffusion pattern from land to the direction of sea. Two hot spots of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in sediments were located near Tai Po and Sha Tin new town, indicating that Cu, Zn, Pb and Zn were from land-derived sources. The sites with relatively high levels of Cr, Co and Ni in sediments were located in areas close to waste spoil in sea floor. The natural and anthropogenic inputs from Sha Tin and Tai Po to Tolo Harbour were mostly responsible for Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb enrichment in sediments from inner Tolo Harbour. The waste spoil in sea floor was believed to contribute to the Cr, Co and Ni in outer Tolo Harbour. The results of correlation coefficient between the eight heavy metals showed that Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb were strongly positively correlated, and Cr, Co and Ni were also significantly correlated with each other. The best explanation of strong correlation was their similar source. As, however, is not well correlated with the other seven heavy metals. The average concentrations of Cu and Zn displayed general increasing trends from 1978 to 2006 in Tolo Harbour, while the mean levels of Cr and Pb displayed a substantial decrease from 1978 to 1987, then a slight increase after 1987. No distinct temporal trends of the concentrations of Ni and As were observed from 1978 due to the inconsecutive data. On the other hand, the increasing trends of Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb were observed since 1996. © 2009 Springer-Verlag.en_HK
dc.languageengen_US
dc.publisherSpringer. The Journal's web site is located at http://www.springer.com/earth+sciences/geology/journal/12665en_HK
dc.relation.ispartofEnvironmental Earth Sciencesen_HK
dc.rightsThe original publication is available at www.springerlink.com-
dc.subjectHeavy metalsen_HK
dc.subjectSediment pollutionen_HK
dc.subjectSourcesen_HK
dc.subjectSpatial distributionen_HK
dc.subjectTemporal trenden_HK
dc.subjectTolo Harbouren_HK
dc.titleSpatio-temporal trends of heavy metals and source apportionment in Tolo Harbour, Hong Kongen_HK
dc.typeArticleen_HK
dc.identifier.openurlhttp://library.hku.hk:4550/resserv?sid=HKU:IR&issn=1866-6280&volume=60&issue=7&spage=1439&epage=1445&date=2010&atitle=Spatio-temporal+trends+of+heavy+metals+and+source+apportionment+in+Tolo+Harbour,+Hong+Kong-
dc.identifier.emailJiao, JJ:jjiao@hku.hken_HK
dc.identifier.authorityJiao, JJ=rp00712en_HK
dc.description.naturelink_to_subscribed_fulltext-
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s12665-009-0279-yen_HK
dc.identifier.scopuseid_2-s2.0-77953643794en_HK
dc.identifier.hkuros178627en_US
dc.relation.referenceshttp://www.scopus.com/mlt/select.url?eid=2-s2.0-77953643794&selection=ref&src=s&origin=recordpageen_HK
dc.identifier.volume60en_HK
dc.identifier.issue7en_HK
dc.identifier.spage1439en_HK
dc.identifier.epage1445en_HK
dc.identifier.isiWOS:000277956000009-
dc.publisher.placeGermanyen_HK
dc.relation.projectSubmarine groundwater discharge in Tolo Harbour and its possible ecological influence-
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridChen, K=16300521600en_HK
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridJiao, JJ=7102382963en_HK
dc.identifier.issnl1866-6280-

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