File Download
  Links for fulltext
     (May Require Subscription)
Supplementary

Article: Association of handgrip strength with chronic diseases and multimorbidity - A cross-sectional study

TitleAssociation of handgrip strength with chronic diseases and multimorbidity - A cross-sectional study
Authors
Cheung, CLNguyen, USDTAu, ETan, KCBKung, AWC
KeywordsAssociation
Chronic disease
Handgrip strength
Multimorbidity
Issue Date2013
PublisherSpringer Netherlands. The Journal's web site is located at http://www.springerlink.com/content/0161-9152/
Citation
Age, 2013, v. 35 n. 3, p. 929-941 How to Cite?
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11357-012-9385-y
AbstractThe prevalence of chronic diseases has risen along with increased longevity. Co-occurrence of two or more chronic diseases in an individual (multimorbidity) is prevalent and poses a huge burden to individuals and the society. However, determinants of multimorbidity are largely unknown. Handgrip strength is a general indicator of muscle strength and linked with premature mortality. However, its role in multimorbidity has never been evaluated. To investigate the relationships between handgrip strength and multiple chronic diseases and multimorbidity, and to assess the usefulness of age and handgrip as a marker of chronic diseases and multimorbidity in a community dwelling sample of men and women, we analyzed a cross-sectional cohort with 1,145 subjects (748 men and 397 women) aged 50 years and older living in Hong Kong. Low handgrip strength was significantly associated with increased odds of having five and three chronic diseases in men and women, respectively, after controlling for age, body mass index, history of smoking, educational level, marital level and comorbidity. Multivariable-adjusted handgrip strength was significantly decreased with the number of chronic diseases in men (trend, P = 0.001), but the trend in women was marginal (trend, P = 0.06). Conversely, multivariable-adjusted age was significantly increased with the number of chronic diseases in women (trend, P = 0.033), but not in men (trend, P = 0.118). In conclusion, handgrip strength is associated with multiple chronic diseases and multimorbidity in men and women after adjustment of confounding factors. It shows a linear trend of association with the number of chronic diseases in men, but not in women. Since handgrip strength is a biomarker of multiple physiological systems, its augmentation may be a feasible strategy to improve general health and decrease likelihood of having multiple chronic diseases and hence, premature mortality. © 2012 The Author(s).
Persistent Identifierhttp://hdl.handle.net/10722/147088
ISSN
0161-9152
2018 Impact Factor: 4.648
PubMed Central ID
PMC3636411
ISI Accession Number ID
WOS:000318174100031
References

Abbatecola AM, Ferrucci L, Ceda G, Russo CR, Lauretani F, Bandinelli S, Barbieri M, Valenti G, Paolisso G (2005) Insulin resistance and muscle strength in older persons. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 60:1278–1282 doi: 10.1093/gerona/60.10.1278

Barzilay JI, Cotsonis GA, Walston J, Schwartz AV, Satterfield S, Miljkovic I, Harris TB (2009) Insulin resistance is associated with decreased quadriceps muscle strength in nondiabetic adults aged > or =70 years. Diabetes Care 32:736–738 doi: 10.2337/dc08-1781

Baumgartner RN, Waters DL, Gallagher D, Morley JE, Garry PJ (1999) Predictors of skeletal muscle mass in elderly men and women. Mech Ageing Dev 107:123–136 doi: 10.1016/S0047-6374(98)00130-4

Blackman MR, Sorkin JD, Munzer T, Bellantoni MF, Busby-Whitehead J, Stevens TE, Jayme J, O'Connor KG, Christmas C, Tobin JD, Stewart KJ, Cottrell E, St Clair C, Pabst KM, Harman SM (2002) Growth hormone and sex steroid administration in healthy aged women and men: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 288:2282–2292 doi: 10.1001/jama.288.18.2282

Cheung CL, Huang QY, Ng MY, Chan V, Sham PC, Kung AW (2006) Confirmation of linkage to chromosome 1q for spine bone mineral density in southern Chinese. Hum Genet 120:354–359 doi: 10.1007/s00439-006-0220-3

Filho ST, Lourenco RA, Moreira VG (2010) Comparing indexes of frailty: the cardiovascular health study and the study of osteoporotic fractures. J Am Geriatr Soc 58:383–385, author reply 385–386 doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2009.02690.x

Foley KT, Owings TM, Pavol MJ, Grabiner MD (1999) Maximum grip strength is not related to bone mineral density of the proximal femur in older adults. Calcif Tissue Int 64:291–294 doi: 10.1007/s002239900621

Fortin M, Bravo G, Hudon C, Lapointe L, Almirall J, Dubois MF, Vanasse A (2006) Relationship between multimorbidity and health-related quality of life of patients in primary care. Qual Life Res 15:83–91 doi: 10.1007/s11136-005-8661-z

Fortin M, Soubhi H, Hudon C, Bayliss EA, van den Akker M (2007) Multimorbidity's many challenges. BMJ 334:1016–1017 doi: 10.1136/bmj.39201.463819.2C

Fried LP, Tangen CM, Walston J, Newman AB, Hirsch C, Gottdiener J, Seeman T, Tracy R, Kop WJ, Burke G, McBurnie MA (2001) Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 56:M146–M156 doi: 10.1093/gerona/56.3.M146

George I, Bish LT, Kamalakkannan G, Petrilli CM, Oz MC, Naka Y, Sweeney HL, Maybaum S (2010) Myostatin activation in patients with advanced heart failure and after mechanical unloading. Eur J Heart Fail 12:444–453 doi: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfq039

Karkkainen M, Rikkonen T, Kroger H, Sirola J, Tuppurainen M, Salovaara K, Arokoski J, Jurvelin J, Honkanen R, Alhava E (2008) Association between functional capacity tests and fractures: an eight-year prospective population-based cohort study. Osteoporos Int 19:1203–1210 doi: 10.1007/s00198-008-0561-y

Klover P, Hennighausen L (2007) Postnatal body growth is dependent on the transcription factors signal transducers and activators of transcription 5a/b in muscle: a role for autocrine/paracrine insulin-like growth factor I. Endocrinology 148:1489–1497 doi: 10.1210/en.2006-1431

Knottnerus JA, Metsemakers J, Hoppener P, Limonard C (1992) Chronic illness in the community and the concept of 'social prevalence'. Fam Pract 9:15–21 doi: 10.1093/fampra/9.1.15

Ma YC, Zuo L, Chen JH, Luo Q, Yu XQ, Li Y, Xu JS, Huang SM, Wang LN, Huang W, Wang M, Xu GB, Wang HY (2006) Modified glomerular filtration rate estimating equation for Chinese patients with chronic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 17:2937–2944 doi: 10.1681/ASN.2006040368

Marengoni A, von Strauss E, Rizzuto D, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L (2009) The impact of chronic multimorbidity and disability on functional decline and survival in elderly persons. A community-based, longitudinal study. J Intern Med 265:288–295 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2008.02017.x

Marengoni A, Winblad B, Karp A, Fratiglioni L (2008) Prevalence of chronic diseases and multimorbidity among the elderly population in Sweden. Am J Public Health 98:1198–1200 doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2007.121137

McPherron AC, Lawler AM, Lee SJ (1997) Regulation of skeletal muscle mass in mice by a new TGF-beta superfamily member. Nature 387:83–90 doi: 10.1038/387083a0

Metter EJ, Talbot LA, Schrager M, Conwit R (2002) Skeletal muscle strength as a predictor of all-cause mortality in healthy men. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 57:B359–B365 doi: 10.1093/gerona/57.10.B359

Michael YL, Gold R, Manson JE, Keast EM, Cochrane BB, Woods NF, Brzyski RG, McNeeley SG, Wallace RB (2010) Hormone therapy and physical function change among older women in the Women's Health Initiative: a randomized controlled trial. Menopause 17:295–302 doi: 10.1097/gme.0b013e3181ba56c7

Millar PJ, Bray SR, MacDonald MJ, McCartney N (2009) Cardiovascular reactivity to psychophysiological stressors: association with hypotensive effects of isometric handgrip training. Blood Press Monit 14:190–195 doi: 10.1097/MBP.0b013e328330d4ab

Newman AB, Boudreau RM, Naydeck BL, Fried LF, Harris TB (2008) A physiologic index of comorbidity: relationship to mortality and disability. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 63:603–609 doi: 10.1093/gerona/63.6.603

Norman K, Stobaus N, Smoliner C, Zocher D, Scheufele R, Valentini L, Lochs H, Pirlich M (2010) Determinants of hand grip strength, knee extension strength and functional status in cancer patients. Clin Nutr 29:586–591 doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2010.02.007

Oken O, Batur G, Gunduz R, Yorgancioglu RZ (2008) Factors associated with functional disability in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 29:163–166 doi: 10.1007/s00296-008-0661-1

Ottenbacher KJ, Ottenbacher ME, Ottenbacher AJ, Acha AA, Ostir GV (2006) Androgen treatment and muscle strength in elderly men: a meta-analysis. J Am Geriatr Soc 54:1666–1673 doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2006.00938.x

Page ST, Amory JK, Bowman FD, Anawalt BD, Matsumoto AM, Bremner WJ, Tenover JL (2005) Exogenous testosterone (T) alone or with finasteride increases physical performance, grip strength, and lean body mass in older men with low serum T. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90:1502–1510 doi: 10.1210/jc.2004-1933

Peters PG, Alessio HM, Hagerman AE, Ashton T, Nagy S, Wiley RL (2006) Short-term isometric exercise reduces systolic blood pressure in hypertensive adults: possible role of reactive oxygen species. Int J Cardiol 110:199–205 doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2005.07.035

Samson MM, Meeuwsen IB, Crowe A, Dessens JA, Duursma SA, Verhaar HJ (2000) Relationships between physical performance measures, age, height and body weight in healthy adults. Age Ageing 29:235–242 doi: 10.1093/ageing/29.3.235

Sasaki H, Kasagi F, Yamada M, Fujita S (2007) Grip strength predicts cause-specific mortality in middle-aged and elderly persons. Am J Med 120:337–342 doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.04.018

Sayer AA, Syddall HE, Dennison EM, Martin HJ, Phillips DI, Cooper C, Byrne CD (2007) Grip strength and the metabolic syndrome: findings from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study. QJM 100:707–713 doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcm095

Schaap LA, Pluijm SM, Deeg DJ, Harris TB, Kritchevsky SB, Newman AB, Colbert LH, Pahor M, Rubin SM, Tylavsky FA, Visser M (2009) Higher inflammatory marker levels in older persons: associations with 5-year change in muscle mass and muscle strength. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 64:1183–1189 doi: 10.1093/gerona/glp097

Schellevis FG, van der Velden J, van de Lisdonk E, van Eijk JT, van Weel C (1993) Comorbidity of chronic diseases in general practice. J Clin Epidemiol 46:469–473 doi: 10.1016/0895-4356(93)90024-U

Schram MT, Frijters D, van de Lisdonk EH, Ploemacher J, de Craen AJ, de Waal MW, van Rooij FJ, Heeringa J, Hofman A, Deeg DJ, Schellevis FG (2008) Setting and registry characteristics affect the prevalence and nature of multimorbidity in the elderly. J Clin Epidemiol 61:1104–1112 doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.11.021

Silventoinen K, Magnusson PK, Tynelius P, Batty GD, Rasmussen F (2009) Association of body size and muscle strength with incidence of coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular diseases: a population-based cohort study of one million Swedish men. Int J Epidemiol 38:110–118 doi: 10.1093/ije/dyn231

Stenholm S, Sallinen J, Koster A, Rantanen T, Sainio P, Heliovaara M, Koskinen S (2011) Association between obesity history and hand grip strength in older adults—exploring the roles of inflammation and insulin resistance as mediating factors. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 66:341–348 doi: 10.1093/gerona/glq226

Syddall H, Cooper C, Martin F, Briggs R, Aihie Sayer A (2003) Is grip strength a useful single marker of frailty? Age Ageing 32:650–656 doi: 10.1093/ageing/afg111

Takata Y, Ansai T, Akifusa S, Soh I, Yoshitake Y, Kimura Y, Sonoki K, Fujisawa K, Awano S, Kagiyama S, Hamasaki T, Nakamichi I, Yoshida A, Takehara T (2007) Physical fitness and 4-year mortality in an 80-year-old population. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 62:851–858 doi: 10.1093/gerona/62.8.851

Tang PL, Cheung CL, Sham PC, McClurg P, Lee B, Chan SY, Smith DK, Tanner JA, Su AI, Cheah KS, Kung AW, Song YQ (2009) Genome-wide haplotype association mapping in mice identifies a genetic variant in CER1 associated with BMD and fracture in southern Chinese women. J Bone Miner Res 24:1013–1021 doi: 10.1359/jbmr.081258

Taylor AC, McCartney N, Kamath MV, Wiley RL (2003) Isometric training lowers resting blood pressure and modulates autonomic control. Med Sci Sports Exerc 35:251–256 doi: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000048725.15026.B5

Taylor AW, Price K, Gill TK, Adams R, Pilkington R, Carrangis N, Shi Z, Wilson D (2010) Multimorbidity — not just an older person's issue. Results from an Australian biomedical study. BMC Publ Health 10:718 doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-718

Tooth L, Hockey R, Byles J, Dobson A (2008) Weighted multimorbidity indexes predicted mortality, health service use, and health-related quality of life in older women. J Clin Epidemiol 61:151–159 doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.05.015

Tsang SW, Kung AW, Kanis JA, Johansson H, Oden A (2009) Ten-year fracture probability in Hong Kong Southern Chinese according to age and BMD femoral neck T-scores. Osteoporos Int 20:1939–1945 doi: 10.1007/s00198-009-0906-1

van den Akker M, Buntinx F, Knottnerus JA (1996) Comorbidity or multimorbidity: what's in a name? A review of literature. Eur J Gen Pract 2:65–70 doi: 10.3109/13814789609162146

van den Akker M, Buntinx F, Metsemakers JF, Roos S, Knottnerus JA (1998) Multimorbidity in general practice: prevalence, incidence, and determinants of co-occurring chronic and recurrent diseases. J Clin Epidemiol 51:367–375 doi: 10.1016/S0895-4356(97)00306-5

Wang X, Hu Z, Hu J, Du J, Mitch WE (2006) Insulin resistance accelerates muscle protein degradation: activation of the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway by defects in muscle cell signaling. Endocrinology 147:4160–4168 doi: 10.1210/en.2006-0251

Xue QL, Beamer BA, Chaves PH, Guralnik JM, Fried LP (2010) Heterogeneity in rate of decline in grip, hip, and knee strength and the risk of all-cause mortality: the Women's Health and Aging Study II. J Am Geriatr Soc 58:2076–2084 doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.03154.x

Yakar S, Liu JL, Stannard B, Butler A, Accili D, Sauer B, LeRoith D (1999) Normal growth and development in the absence of hepatic insulin-like growth factor I. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96:7324–7329 doi: 10.1073/pnas.96.13.7324

 

DC FieldValueLanguage
dc.contributor.authorCheung, CLen_HK
dc.contributor.authorNguyen, USDTen_HK
dc.contributor.authorAu, Een_HK
dc.contributor.authorTan, KCBen_HK
dc.contributor.authorKung, AWCen_HK
dc.date.accessioned2012-05-25T07:50:34Z-
dc.date.available2012-05-25T07:50:34Z-
dc.date.issued2013en_HK
dc.identifier.citationAge, 2013, v. 35 n. 3, p. 929-941en_HK
dc.identifier.issn0161-9152en_HK
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10722/147088-
dc.description.abstractThe prevalence of chronic diseases has risen along with increased longevity. Co-occurrence of two or more chronic diseases in an individual (multimorbidity) is prevalent and poses a huge burden to individuals and the society. However, determinants of multimorbidity are largely unknown. Handgrip strength is a general indicator of muscle strength and linked with premature mortality. However, its role in multimorbidity has never been evaluated. To investigate the relationships between handgrip strength and multiple chronic diseases and multimorbidity, and to assess the usefulness of age and handgrip as a marker of chronic diseases and multimorbidity in a community dwelling sample of men and women, we analyzed a cross-sectional cohort with 1,145 subjects (748 men and 397 women) aged 50 years and older living in Hong Kong. Low handgrip strength was significantly associated with increased odds of having five and three chronic diseases in men and women, respectively, after controlling for age, body mass index, history of smoking, educational level, marital level and comorbidity. Multivariable-adjusted handgrip strength was significantly decreased with the number of chronic diseases in men (trend, P = 0.001), but the trend in women was marginal (trend, P = 0.06). Conversely, multivariable-adjusted age was significantly increased with the number of chronic diseases in women (trend, P = 0.033), but not in men (trend, P = 0.118). In conclusion, handgrip strength is associated with multiple chronic diseases and multimorbidity in men and women after adjustment of confounding factors. It shows a linear trend of association with the number of chronic diseases in men, but not in women. Since handgrip strength is a biomarker of multiple physiological systems, its augmentation may be a feasible strategy to improve general health and decrease likelihood of having multiple chronic diseases and hence, premature mortality. © 2012 The Author(s).en_HK
dc.languageengen_US
dc.publisherSpringer Netherlands. The Journal's web site is located at http://www.springerlink.com/content/0161-9152/en_HK
dc.relation.ispartofAgeen_HK
dc.rightsThe Author(s)en_US
dc.rightsThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.en_US
dc.rightsThe original publication is available at www.springerlink.com-
dc.subjectAssociationen_HK
dc.subjectChronic diseaseen_HK
dc.subjectHandgrip strengthen_HK
dc.subjectMultimorbidityen_HK
dc.titleAssociation of handgrip strength with chronic diseases and multimorbidity - A cross-sectional studyen_HK
dc.typeArticleen_HK
dc.identifier.openurlhttp://www.springerlink.com/link-out/?id=2104&code=Q3K80713755P5532&MUD=MPen_US
dc.identifier.emailCheung, CL: lung1212@hku.hken_HK
dc.identifier.emailTan, KCB: kcbtan@hku.hken_HK
dc.identifier.emailKung, AWC: awckung@hku.hken_HK
dc.identifier.authorityCheung, CL=rp01749en_HK
dc.identifier.authorityTan, KCB=rp00402en_HK
dc.identifier.authorityKung, AWC=rp00368en_HK
dc.description.naturepublished_or_final_versionen_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s11357-012-9385-yen_HK
dc.identifier.pmid22314403-
dc.identifier.pmcidPMC3636411-
dc.identifier.scopuseid_2-s2.0-84880571946en_HK
dc.identifier.hkuros201486-
dc.identifier.hkuros218604-
dc.relation.referencesAbbatecola AM, Ferrucci L, Ceda G, Russo CR, Lauretani F, Bandinelli S, Barbieri M, Valenti G, Paolisso G (2005) Insulin resistance and muscle strength in older persons. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 60:1278–1282en_US
dc.relation.referencesdoi: 10.1093/gerona/60.10.1278en_US
dc.relation.referencesBarbieri M, Ferrucci L, Ragno E, Corsi A, Bandinelli S, Bonafe M, Olivieri F, Giovagnetti S, Franceschi C, Guralnik JM, Paolisso G (2003) Chronic inflammation and the effect of IGF-I on muscle strength and power in older persons. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 284:E481–E487en_US
dc.relation.referencesBarzilay JI, Cotsonis GA, Walston J, Schwartz AV, Satterfield S, Miljkovic I, Harris TB (2009) Insulin resistance is associated with decreased quadriceps muscle strength in nondiabetic adults aged > or =70 years. Diabetes Care 32:736–738en_US
dc.relation.referencesdoi: 10.2337/dc08-1781en_US
dc.relation.referencesBaumgartner RN, Waters DL, Gallagher D, Morley JE, Garry PJ (1999) Predictors of skeletal muscle mass in elderly men and women. Mech Ageing Dev 107:123–136en_US
dc.relation.referencesdoi: 10.1016/S0047-6374(98)00130-4en_US
dc.relation.referencesBlackman MR, Sorkin JD, Munzer T, Bellantoni MF, Busby-Whitehead J, Stevens TE, Jayme J, O'Connor KG, Christmas C, Tobin JD, Stewart KJ, Cottrell E, St Clair C, Pabst KM, Harman SM (2002) Growth hormone and sex steroid administration in healthy aged women and men: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 288:2282–2292en_US
dc.relation.referencesdoi: 10.1001/jama.288.18.2282en_US
dc.relation.referencesCheung CL, Huang QY, Ng MY, Chan V, Sham PC, Kung AW (2006) Confirmation of linkage to chromosome 1q for spine bone mineral density in southern Chinese. Hum Genet 120:354–359en_US
dc.relation.referencesdoi: 10.1007/s00439-006-0220-3en_US
dc.relation.referencesFilho ST, Lourenco RA, Moreira VG (2010) Comparing indexes of frailty: the cardiovascular health study and the study of osteoporotic fractures. J Am Geriatr Soc 58:383–385, author reply 385–386en_US
dc.relation.referencesdoi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2009.02690.xen_US
dc.relation.referencesFoley KT, Owings TM, Pavol MJ, Grabiner MD (1999) Maximum grip strength is not related to bone mineral density of the proximal femur in older adults. Calcif Tissue Int 64:291–294en_US
dc.relation.referencesdoi: 10.1007/s002239900621en_US
dc.relation.referencesFortin M, Bravo G, Hudon C, Lapointe L, Almirall J, Dubois MF, Vanasse A (2006) Relationship between multimorbidity and health-related quality of life of patients in primary care. Qual Life Res 15:83–91en_US
dc.relation.referencesdoi: 10.1007/s11136-005-8661-zen_US
dc.relation.referencesFortin M, Lapointe L, Hudon C, Vanasse A (2005) Multimorbidity is common to family practice: is it commonly researched? Can Fam Physician 51:244–245en_US
dc.relation.referencesFortin M, Soubhi H, Hudon C, Bayliss EA, van den Akker M (2007) Multimorbidity's many challenges. BMJ 334:1016–1017en_US
dc.relation.referencesdoi: 10.1136/bmj.39201.463819.2Cen_US
dc.relation.referencesFried LP, Tangen CM, Walston J, Newman AB, Hirsch C, Gottdiener J, Seeman T, Tracy R, Kop WJ, Burke G, McBurnie MA (2001) Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 56:M146–M156en_US
dc.relation.referencesdoi: 10.1093/gerona/56.3.M146en_US
dc.relation.referencesGeorge I, Bish LT, Kamalakkannan G, Petrilli CM, Oz MC, Naka Y, Sweeney HL, Maybaum S (2010) Myostatin activation in patients with advanced heart failure and after mechanical unloading. Eur J Heart Fail 12:444–453en_US
dc.relation.referencesdoi: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfq039en_US
dc.relation.referencesHarrison AP, Clausen T (1998) Thyroid hormone-induced upregulation of Na+ channels and Na(+)–K+ pumps: implications for contractility. Am J Physiol 274:R864–R867en_US
dc.relation.referencesKarkkainen M, Rikkonen T, Kroger H, Sirola J, Tuppurainen M, Salovaara K, Arokoski J, Jurvelin J, Honkanen R, Alhava E (2008) Association between functional capacity tests and fractures: an eight-year prospective population-based cohort study. Osteoporos Int 19:1203–1210en_US
dc.relation.referencesdoi: 10.1007/s00198-008-0561-yen_US
dc.relation.referencesKlover P, Hennighausen L (2007) Postnatal body growth is dependent on the transcription factors signal transducers and activators of transcription 5a/b in muscle: a role for autocrine/paracrine insulin-like growth factor I. Endocrinology 148:1489–1497en_US
dc.relation.referencesdoi: 10.1210/en.2006-1431en_US
dc.relation.referencesKnottnerus JA, Metsemakers J, Hoppener P, Limonard C (1992) Chronic illness in the community and the concept of 'social prevalence'. Fam Pract 9:15–21en_US
dc.relation.referencesdoi: 10.1093/fampra/9.1.15en_US
dc.relation.referencesMa YC, Zuo L, Chen JH, Luo Q, Yu XQ, Li Y, Xu JS, Huang SM, Wang LN, Huang W, Wang M, Xu GB, Wang HY (2006) Modified glomerular filtration rate estimating equation for Chinese patients with chronic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 17:2937–2944en_US
dc.relation.referencesdoi: 10.1681/ASN.2006040368en_US
dc.relation.referencesMarengoni A, von Strauss E, Rizzuto D, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L (2009) The impact of chronic multimorbidity and disability on functional decline and survival in elderly persons. A community-based, longitudinal study. J Intern Med 265:288–295en_US
dc.relation.referencesdoi: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2008.02017.xen_US
dc.relation.referencesMarengoni A, Winblad B, Karp A, Fratiglioni L (2008) Prevalence of chronic diseases and multimorbidity among the elderly population in Sweden. Am J Public Health 98:1198–1200en_US
dc.relation.referencesdoi: 10.2105/AJPH.2007.121137en_US
dc.relation.referencesMcPherron AC, Lawler AM, Lee SJ (1997) Regulation of skeletal muscle mass in mice by a new TGF-beta superfamily member. Nature 387:83–90en_US
dc.relation.referencesdoi: 10.1038/387083a0en_US
dc.relation.referencesMetter EJ, Talbot LA, Schrager M, Conwit R (2002) Skeletal muscle strength as a predictor of all-cause mortality in healthy men. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 57:B359–B365en_US
dc.relation.referencesdoi: 10.1093/gerona/57.10.B359en_US
dc.relation.referencesMichael YL, Gold R, Manson JE, Keast EM, Cochrane BB, Woods NF, Brzyski RG, McNeeley SG, Wallace RB (2010) Hormone therapy and physical function change among older women in the Women's Health Initiative: a randomized controlled trial. Menopause 17:295–302en_US
dc.relation.referencesdoi: 10.1097/gme.0b013e3181ba56c7en_US
dc.relation.referencesMillar PJ, Bray SR, MacDonald MJ, McCartney N (2009) Cardiovascular reactivity to psychophysiological stressors: association with hypotensive effects of isometric handgrip training. Blood Press Monit 14:190–195en_US
dc.relation.referencesdoi: 10.1097/MBP.0b013e328330d4aben_US
dc.relation.referencesNewman AB, Boudreau RM, Naydeck BL, Fried LF, Harris TB (2008) A physiologic index of comorbidity: relationship to mortality and disability. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 63:603–609en_US
dc.relation.referencesdoi: 10.1093/gerona/63.6.603en_US
dc.relation.referencesNorman K, Stobaus N, Smoliner C, Zocher D, Scheufele R, Valentini L, Lochs H, Pirlich M (2010) Determinants of hand grip strength, knee extension strength and functional status in cancer patients. Clin Nutr 29:586–591en_US
dc.relation.referencesdoi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2010.02.007en_US
dc.relation.referencesOken O, Batur G, Gunduz R, Yorgancioglu RZ (2008) Factors associated with functional disability in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 29:163–166en_US
dc.relation.referencesdoi: 10.1007/s00296-008-0661-1en_US
dc.relation.referencesOttenbacher KJ, Ottenbacher ME, Ottenbacher AJ, Acha AA, Ostir GV (2006) Androgen treatment and muscle strength in elderly men: a meta-analysis. J Am Geriatr Soc 54:1666–1673en_US
dc.relation.referencesdoi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2006.00938.xen_US
dc.relation.referencesPage ST, Amory JK, Bowman FD, Anawalt BD, Matsumoto AM, Bremner WJ, Tenover JL (2005) Exogenous testosterone (T) alone or with finasteride increases physical performance, grip strength, and lean body mass in older men with low serum T. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90:1502–1510en_US
dc.relation.referencesdoi: 10.1210/jc.2004-1933en_US
dc.relation.referencesPeters PG, Alessio HM, Hagerman AE, Ashton T, Nagy S, Wiley RL (2006) Short-term isometric exercise reduces systolic blood pressure in hypertensive adults: possible role of reactive oxygen species. Int J Cardiol 110:199–205en_US
dc.relation.referencesdoi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2005.07.035en_US
dc.relation.referencesSamson MM, Meeuwsen IB, Crowe A, Dessens JA, Duursma SA, Verhaar HJ (2000) Relationships between physical performance measures, age, height and body weight in healthy adults. Age Ageing 29:235–242en_US
dc.relation.referencesdoi: 10.1093/ageing/29.3.235en_US
dc.relation.referencesSasaki H, Kasagi F, Yamada M, Fujita S (2007) Grip strength predicts cause-specific mortality in middle-aged and elderly persons. Am J Med 120:337–342en_US
dc.relation.referencesdoi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.04.018en_US
dc.relation.referencesSayer AA, Syddall HE, Dennison EM, Martin HJ, Phillips DI, Cooper C, Byrne CD (2007) Grip strength and the metabolic syndrome: findings from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study. QJM 100:707–713en_US
dc.relation.referencesdoi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcm095en_US
dc.relation.referencesSchaap LA, Pluijm SM, Deeg DJ, Harris TB, Kritchevsky SB, Newman AB, Colbert LH, Pahor M, Rubin SM, Tylavsky FA, Visser M (2009) Higher inflammatory marker levels in older persons: associations with 5-year change in muscle mass and muscle strength. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 64:1183–1189en_US
dc.relation.referencesdoi: 10.1093/gerona/glp097en_US
dc.relation.referencesSchellevis FG, van der Velden J, van de Lisdonk E, van Eijk JT, van Weel C (1993) Comorbidity of chronic diseases in general practice. J Clin Epidemiol 46:469–473en_US
dc.relation.referencesdoi: 10.1016/0895-4356(93)90024-Uen_US
dc.relation.referencesSchram MT, Frijters D, van de Lisdonk EH, Ploemacher J, de Craen AJ, de Waal MW, van Rooij FJ, Heeringa J, Hofman A, Deeg DJ, Schellevis FG (2008) Setting and registry characteristics affect the prevalence and nature of multimorbidity in the elderly. J Clin Epidemiol 61:1104–1112en_US
dc.relation.referencesdoi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.11.021en_US
dc.relation.referencesSilventoinen K, Magnusson PK, Tynelius P, Batty GD, Rasmussen F (2009) Association of body size and muscle strength with incidence of coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular diseases: a population-based cohort study of one million Swedish men. Int J Epidemiol 38:110–118en_US
dc.relation.referencesdoi: 10.1093/ije/dyn231en_US
dc.relation.referencesStenholm S, Sallinen J, Koster A, Rantanen T, Sainio P, Heliovaara M, Koskinen S (2011) Association between obesity history and hand grip strength in older adults—exploring the roles of inflammation and insulin resistance as mediating factors. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 66:341–348en_US
dc.relation.referencesdoi: 10.1093/gerona/glq226en_US
dc.relation.referencesSyddall H, Cooper C, Martin F, Briggs R, Aihie Sayer A (2003) Is grip strength a useful single marker of frailty? Age Ageing 32:650–656en_US
dc.relation.referencesdoi: 10.1093/ageing/afg111en_US
dc.relation.referencesTakata Y, Ansai T, Akifusa S, Soh I, Yoshitake Y, Kimura Y, Sonoki K, Fujisawa K, Awano S, Kagiyama S, Hamasaki T, Nakamichi I, Yoshida A, Takehara T (2007) Physical fitness and 4-year mortality in an 80-year-old population. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 62:851–858en_US
dc.relation.referencesdoi: 10.1093/gerona/62.8.851en_US
dc.relation.referencesTang PL, Cheung CL, Sham PC, McClurg P, Lee B, Chan SY, Smith DK, Tanner JA, Su AI, Cheah KS, Kung AW, Song YQ (2009) Genome-wide haplotype association mapping in mice identifies a genetic variant in CER1 associated with BMD and fracture in southern Chinese women. J Bone Miner Res 24:1013–1021en_US
dc.relation.referencesdoi: 10.1359/jbmr.081258en_US
dc.relation.referencesTaylor AC, McCartney N, Kamath MV, Wiley RL (2003) Isometric training lowers resting blood pressure and modulates autonomic control. Med Sci Sports Exerc 35:251–256en_US
dc.relation.referencesdoi: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000048725.15026.B5en_US
dc.relation.referencesTaylor AW, Price K, Gill TK, Adams R, Pilkington R, Carrangis N, Shi Z, Wilson D (2010) Multimorbidity — not just an older person's issue. Results from an Australian biomedical study. BMC Publ Health 10:718en_US
dc.relation.referencesdoi: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-718en_US
dc.relation.referencesTooth L, Hockey R, Byles J, Dobson A (2008) Weighted multimorbidity indexes predicted mortality, health service use, and health-related quality of life in older women. J Clin Epidemiol 61:151–159en_US
dc.relation.referencesdoi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.05.015en_US
dc.relation.referencesTsang SW, Kung AW, Kanis JA, Johansson H, Oden A (2009) Ten-year fracture probability in Hong Kong Southern Chinese according to age and BMD femoral neck T-scores. Osteoporos Int 20:1939–1945en_US
dc.relation.referencesdoi: 10.1007/s00198-009-0906-1en_US
dc.relation.referencesvan den Akker M, Buntinx F, Knottnerus JA (1996) Comorbidity or multimorbidity: what's in a name? A review of literature. Eur J Gen Pract 2:65–70en_US
dc.relation.referencesdoi: 10.3109/13814789609162146en_US
dc.relation.referencesvan den Akker M, Buntinx F, Metsemakers JF, Roos S, Knottnerus JA (1998) Multimorbidity in general practice: prevalence, incidence, and determinants of co-occurring chronic and recurrent diseases. J Clin Epidemiol 51:367–375en_US
dc.relation.referencesdoi: 10.1016/S0895-4356(97)00306-5en_US
dc.relation.referencesWang X, Hu Z, Hu J, Du J, Mitch WE (2006) Insulin resistance accelerates muscle protein degradation: activation of the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway by defects in muscle cell signaling. Endocrinology 147:4160–4168en_US
dc.relation.referencesdoi: 10.1210/en.2006-0251en_US
dc.relation.referencesXue QL, Beamer BA, Chaves PH, Guralnik JM, Fried LP (2010) Heterogeneity in rate of decline in grip, hip, and knee strength and the risk of all-cause mortality: the Women's Health and Aging Study II. J Am Geriatr Soc 58:2076–2084en_US
dc.relation.referencesdoi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.03154.xen_US
dc.relation.referencesYakar S, Liu JL, Stannard B, Butler A, Accili D, Sauer B, LeRoith D (1999) Normal growth and development in the absence of hepatic insulin-like growth factor I. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96:7324–7329en_US
dc.relation.referencesdoi: 10.1073/pnas.96.13.7324en_US
dc.relation.referencesCheung CL, Tan KCB, Bow CH, Soong CSS, Loong CHN, Kung AWC (2011) Low Handgrip strength is a predictor of osteoporotic fractures: cross-sectional and prospective evidence from the Hong Kong Osteoporosis Study. Age (Dordr), in pressen_US
dc.relation.referencesLenk K, Erbs S, Hollriege R, Beck E, Linke A, Gielen S, Mobius Winkler S, Sandri M, Hambrecht R, Schuler G, Adams V (2011) Exercise training leads to a reduction of elevated myostatin levels in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabilen_US
dc.relation.referencesMarengoni A, Angleman S, Melis R, Mangialasche F, Karp A, Garmen A, Meinow B, Fratiglioni L (2011) Aging with multimorbidity: a systematic review of the literature. Ageing Res Reven_US
dc.identifier.spage929en_HK
dc.identifier.epage941en_HK
dc.identifier.eissn1574-4647en_US
dc.identifier.isiWOS:000318174100031-
dc.publisher.placeNetherlandsen_HK
dc.description.otherSpringer Open Choice, 25 May 2012en_US
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridCheung, CL=14520953400en_HK
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridNguyen, USDT=54949305400en_HK
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridAu, E=54949831900en_HK
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridTan, KCB=8082703100en_HK
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridKung, AWC=7102322339en_HK
dc.identifier.citeulike10336388-

Export via OAI-PMH Interface in XML Formats

OR

Export to Other Non-XML Formats