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postgraduate thesis: Economic evaluation of community pharmacy based smoking cessation on burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Hong Kong

TitleEconomic evaluation of community pharmacy based smoking cessation on burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Hong Kong
Authors
Advisors
Issue Date2011
PublisherThe University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong)
Citation
Chen, J. [陈静]. (2011). Economic evaluation of community pharmacy based smoking cessation on burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Hong Kong. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b4715725
AbstractBackground: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) poses a substantial burden to Hong Kong. Smoking is the single most important risk factor for COPD. Intensive smoking cessation in COPD patients slows disease progression. Community pharmacy based smoking cessation in healthy smokers could forestall COPD onset. Each of these programs has been proven effective and cost-effective worldwide. Currently there are smoking cessation clinics in Hong Kong. But community pharmacy-based smoking cessation services are not available. The present study firstly attempts to identify the disease burden of COPD; secondly, to investigate if community pharmacy-based smoking cessation services are applicable in Hong Kong; finally, to examine if establishing the services would be cost effective in reducing the burden of COPD. Methods: A series of data analysis of mortality, morbidity and cost of hospitalization (length of stay × standard daily ward cost) was conducted to understand the burden of COPD in Hong Kong. Cost effectiveness analysis based on a Markov model evaluated smoking cessation strategies against usual care: (1) minimal counseling in smoking cessation clinics (MiniC) for COPD patients; (2) intensive counseling with pharmacotherapy in smoking cessation clinics (IC_pharm) for COPD patients; (3) community pharmacist-assisted service (CPA) for healthy smokers; (4) combination of CPA and MiniC (CPA+MiniC); (5) combination of CPA and IC_pharm (CPA+IC_Pharm). The Markov model was constructed by sex, smoking status and COPD severity to calculate the lifetime cost of COPD, cost of smoking cessation programs and QALYs. Both effectiveness and cost were discounted at 3%. Incremental cost effectiveness ratios (ICERs), i.e. cost per one QALY gain, served as the decision making rule. One way sensitivity analysis, threshold analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis were performed to explore the uncertainty around the parameters. Results: The overall age adjusted mortality of COPD increased from 28.8 per 100 000 in 1981 to 30.14 per 100 000 in 2008. Numbers of people aged 65+ with known COPD was projected to be over 100 000 by 2036. There were 3.8 and 7.8 years of life lost (YLL) and 3.6 and 5.6 QALYs lost due to COPD for male and female smokers respectively. Medical costs of hospitalization were estimated to be over HK$ one billion (US$132 million) in 2008. Seventy one COPD cases could be avoided in the simulated cohort by CPA. If the threshold value was HK$247 332 for one QALY gain, CPA was more cost effective than IC_Pharm, with an ICER of HK$47 717. CPA+MiniC dominated CPA. CPA+IC_Pharm was more cost effective than CPA+MiniC (ICER, HK$36 000). The probability of CPA+ IC_pharm being the most cost effective strategy was approaching 0.8 if one QALY was worth HK$96 000, and it was associated with the maximum expected QALYs if societal value for one QALY was no less than HK$80 000. Conclusion: The model-based economic evaluation demonstrated that CPA+IC_Pharm would be the most cost-effective smoking cessation strategy. Community pharmacy based (CPA) smoking cessation services could be applicable and should be proposed in Hong Kong to reduce the burden of smoking related diseases.
DegreeDoctor of Philosophy
SubjectSmoking cessation - China - Hong Kong.
Cardiovascular system - Diseases - Economic aspects - China - Hong Kong.
Dept/ProgramPublic Health
Persistent Identifierhttp://hdl.handle.net/10722/174319
HKU Library Item IDb4715725

 

DC FieldValueLanguage
dc.contributor.advisorJohnston, JM-
dc.contributor.advisorMcGhee, S-
dc.contributor.authorChen, Jing-
dc.contributor.author陈静-
dc.date.issued2011-
dc.identifier.citationChen, J. [陈静]. (2011). Economic evaluation of community pharmacy based smoking cessation on burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Hong Kong. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.5353/th_b4715725-
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10722/174319-
dc.description.abstractBackground: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) poses a substantial burden to Hong Kong. Smoking is the single most important risk factor for COPD. Intensive smoking cessation in COPD patients slows disease progression. Community pharmacy based smoking cessation in healthy smokers could forestall COPD onset. Each of these programs has been proven effective and cost-effective worldwide. Currently there are smoking cessation clinics in Hong Kong. But community pharmacy-based smoking cessation services are not available. The present study firstly attempts to identify the disease burden of COPD; secondly, to investigate if community pharmacy-based smoking cessation services are applicable in Hong Kong; finally, to examine if establishing the services would be cost effective in reducing the burden of COPD. Methods: A series of data analysis of mortality, morbidity and cost of hospitalization (length of stay × standard daily ward cost) was conducted to understand the burden of COPD in Hong Kong. Cost effectiveness analysis based on a Markov model evaluated smoking cessation strategies against usual care: (1) minimal counseling in smoking cessation clinics (MiniC) for COPD patients; (2) intensive counseling with pharmacotherapy in smoking cessation clinics (IC_pharm) for COPD patients; (3) community pharmacist-assisted service (CPA) for healthy smokers; (4) combination of CPA and MiniC (CPA+MiniC); (5) combination of CPA and IC_pharm (CPA+IC_Pharm). The Markov model was constructed by sex, smoking status and COPD severity to calculate the lifetime cost of COPD, cost of smoking cessation programs and QALYs. Both effectiveness and cost were discounted at 3%. Incremental cost effectiveness ratios (ICERs), i.e. cost per one QALY gain, served as the decision making rule. One way sensitivity analysis, threshold analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis were performed to explore the uncertainty around the parameters. Results: The overall age adjusted mortality of COPD increased from 28.8 per 100 000 in 1981 to 30.14 per 100 000 in 2008. Numbers of people aged 65+ with known COPD was projected to be over 100 000 by 2036. There were 3.8 and 7.8 years of life lost (YLL) and 3.6 and 5.6 QALYs lost due to COPD for male and female smokers respectively. Medical costs of hospitalization were estimated to be over HK$ one billion (US$132 million) in 2008. Seventy one COPD cases could be avoided in the simulated cohort by CPA. If the threshold value was HK$247 332 for one QALY gain, CPA was more cost effective than IC_Pharm, with an ICER of HK$47 717. CPA+MiniC dominated CPA. CPA+IC_Pharm was more cost effective than CPA+MiniC (ICER, HK$36 000). The probability of CPA+ IC_pharm being the most cost effective strategy was approaching 0.8 if one QALY was worth HK$96 000, and it was associated with the maximum expected QALYs if societal value for one QALY was no less than HK$80 000. Conclusion: The model-based economic evaluation demonstrated that CPA+IC_Pharm would be the most cost-effective smoking cessation strategy. Community pharmacy based (CPA) smoking cessation services could be applicable and should be proposed in Hong Kong to reduce the burden of smoking related diseases.-
dc.languageeng-
dc.publisherThe University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong)-
dc.relation.ispartofHKU Theses Online (HKUTO)-
dc.rightsThe author retains all proprietary rights, (such as patent rights) and the right to use in future works.-
dc.rightsThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.-
dc.source.urihttp://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47157252-
dc.subject.lcshSmoking cessation - China - Hong Kong.-
dc.subject.lcshCardiovascular system - Diseases - Economic aspects - China - Hong Kong.-
dc.titleEconomic evaluation of community pharmacy based smoking cessation on burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Hong Kong-
dc.typePG_Thesis-
dc.identifier.hkulb4715725-
dc.description.thesisnameDoctor of Philosophy-
dc.description.thesislevelDoctoral-
dc.description.thesisdisciplinePublic Health-
dc.description.naturepublished_or_final_version-
dc.identifier.doi10.5353/th_b4715725-
dc.date.hkucongregation2012-
dc.identifier.mmsid991032822379703414-

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