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Article: Radio observations of Comet 9P/Tempel 1 before and after Deep Impact

TitleRadio observations of Comet 9P/Tempel 1 before and after Deep Impact
Authors
KeywordsComet 9P/Tempel 1
Comets
Composition
Radio Observations
Issue Date2007
PublisherAcademic Press. The Journal's web site is located at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/icarus
Citation
Icarus, 2007, v. 187 n. 1, p. 253-271 How to Cite?
AbstractComet 9P/Tempel 1 was the target of a multi-wavelength worldwide investigation in 2005. The NASA Deep Impact mission reached the comet on 4.24 July 2005, delivering a 370-kg impactor which hit the comet at 10.3 km s -1. Following this impact, a cloud of gas and dust was excavated from the comet nucleus. The comet was observed in 2005 prior to and after the impact, at 18-cm wavelength with the Nançay radio telescope, in the millimeter range with the IRAM and CSO radio telescopes, and at 557 GHz with the Odin satellite. OH observations at Nançay provided a 4-month monitoring of the outgassing of the comet from March to June, followed by the observation of H 2O with Odin from June to August 2005. The peak of outgassing was found to be around 1 × 10 28   molec. s -1 between May and July. Observations conducted with the IRAM 30-m radio telescope in May and July 2005 resulted in detections of HCN, CH 3OH and H 2S with classical abundances relative to water (0.12, 2.7 and 0.5%, respectively). In addition, a variation of the HCN production rate with a period of 1.73 ± 0.10 days was observed in May 2005, consistent with the 1.7-day rotation period of the nucleus. The phase of these variations, as well as those of CN seen in July by Jehin et al. [Jehin, E., Manfroid, J., Hutsemékers, D., Cochran, A.L., Arpigny, C., Jackson, W.M., Rauer, H., Schulz, R., Zucconi, J.-M., 2006. Astrophys. J. 641, L145-L148], is consistent with a rotation period of the nucleus of 1.715 days and a strong variation of the outgassing activity by a factor 3 from minimum to maximum. This also implies that the impact took place on the rising phase of the "natural" outgassing which reached its maximum ≈4 h after the impact. Post-impact observations at IRAM and CSO did not reveal a significant change of the outgassing rates and relative abundances, with the exception of CH 3OH which may have been more abundant by up to one order of magnitude in the ejecta. Most other variations are linked to the intrinsic variability of the comet. The Odin satellite monitored nearly continuously the H 2O line at 557 GHz during the 38 h following the impact on the 4th of July, in addition to weekly monitoring. Once the periodic variations related to the nucleus rotation are removed, a small increase of outgassing related to the impact is present, which corresponds to the release of ≈ 5000 ± 2000 tons of water. Two other bursts of activity, also observed at other wavelengths, were seen on 23 June and 7 July; they correspond to even larger releases of gas. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Persistent Identifierhttp://hdl.handle.net/10722/179702
ISSN
2023 Impact Factor: 2.5
2023 SCImago Journal Rankings: 1.061
ISI Accession Number ID
References

 

DC FieldValueLanguage
dc.contributor.authorBiver, Nen_US
dc.contributor.authorBockeléeMorvan, Den_US
dc.contributor.authorBoissier, Jen_US
dc.contributor.authorCrovisier, Jen_US
dc.contributor.authorColom, Pen_US
dc.contributor.authorLecacheux, Aen_US
dc.contributor.authorMoreno, Ren_US
dc.contributor.authorPaubert, Gen_US
dc.contributor.authorLis, DCen_US
dc.contributor.authorSumner, Men_US
dc.contributor.authorFrisk, Uen_US
dc.contributor.authorHjalmarson, Aen_US
dc.contributor.authorOlberg, Men_US
dc.contributor.authorWinnberg, Aen_US
dc.contributor.authorFlorén, HGen_US
dc.contributor.authorSandqvist, Aen_US
dc.contributor.authorKwok, Sen_US
dc.date.accessioned2012-12-19T10:02:57Z-
dc.date.available2012-12-19T10:02:57Z-
dc.date.issued2007en_US
dc.identifier.citationIcarus, 2007, v. 187 n. 1, p. 253-271en_US
dc.identifier.issn0019-1035en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10722/179702-
dc.description.abstractComet 9P/Tempel 1 was the target of a multi-wavelength worldwide investigation in 2005. The NASA Deep Impact mission reached the comet on 4.24 July 2005, delivering a 370-kg impactor which hit the comet at 10.3 km s -1. Following this impact, a cloud of gas and dust was excavated from the comet nucleus. The comet was observed in 2005 prior to and after the impact, at 18-cm wavelength with the Nançay radio telescope, in the millimeter range with the IRAM and CSO radio telescopes, and at 557 GHz with the Odin satellite. OH observations at Nançay provided a 4-month monitoring of the outgassing of the comet from March to June, followed by the observation of H 2O with Odin from June to August 2005. The peak of outgassing was found to be around 1 × 10 28   molec. s -1 between May and July. Observations conducted with the IRAM 30-m radio telescope in May and July 2005 resulted in detections of HCN, CH 3OH and H 2S with classical abundances relative to water (0.12, 2.7 and 0.5%, respectively). In addition, a variation of the HCN production rate with a period of 1.73 ± 0.10 days was observed in May 2005, consistent with the 1.7-day rotation period of the nucleus. The phase of these variations, as well as those of CN seen in July by Jehin et al. [Jehin, E., Manfroid, J., Hutsemékers, D., Cochran, A.L., Arpigny, C., Jackson, W.M., Rauer, H., Schulz, R., Zucconi, J.-M., 2006. Astrophys. J. 641, L145-L148], is consistent with a rotation period of the nucleus of 1.715 days and a strong variation of the outgassing activity by a factor 3 from minimum to maximum. This also implies that the impact took place on the rising phase of the "natural" outgassing which reached its maximum ≈4 h after the impact. Post-impact observations at IRAM and CSO did not reveal a significant change of the outgassing rates and relative abundances, with the exception of CH 3OH which may have been more abundant by up to one order of magnitude in the ejecta. Most other variations are linked to the intrinsic variability of the comet. The Odin satellite monitored nearly continuously the H 2O line at 557 GHz during the 38 h following the impact on the 4th of July, in addition to weekly monitoring. Once the periodic variations related to the nucleus rotation are removed, a small increase of outgassing related to the impact is present, which corresponds to the release of ≈ 5000 ± 2000 tons of water. Two other bursts of activity, also observed at other wavelengths, were seen on 23 June and 7 July; they correspond to even larger releases of gas. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.en_US
dc.languageengen_US
dc.publisherAcademic Press. The Journal's web site is located at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/icarusen_US
dc.relation.ispartofIcarusen_US
dc.subjectComet 9P/Tempel 1en_US
dc.subjectCometsen_US
dc.subjectCompositionen_US
dc.subjectRadio Observationsen_US
dc.titleRadio observations of Comet 9P/Tempel 1 before and after Deep Impacten_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.identifier.emailKwok, S: deannote@hku.hken_US
dc.identifier.authorityKwok, S=rp00716en_US
dc.description.naturelink_to_subscribed_fulltexten_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.icarus.2006.10.011en_US
dc.identifier.scopuseid_2-s2.0-33846927544en_US
dc.relation.referenceshttp://www.scopus.com/mlt/select.url?eid=2-s2.0-33846927544&selection=ref&src=s&origin=recordpageen_US
dc.identifier.volume187en_US
dc.identifier.issue1en_US
dc.identifier.spage253en_US
dc.identifier.epage271en_US
dc.identifier.isiWOS:000244697800024-
dc.publisher.placeUnited Statesen_US
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridBiver, N=6603734959en_US
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridBockeléeMorvan, D=7003530700en_US
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridBoissier, J=7101971162en_US
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridCrovisier, J=35448565400en_US
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridColom, P=6603805418en_US
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridLecacheux, A=7003423533en_US
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridMoreno, R=7202177731en_US
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridPaubert, G=6701489710en_US
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridLis, DC=7005226300en_US
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridSumner, M=10638914800en_US
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridFrisk, U=8966521600en_US
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridHjalmarson, A=15744175200en_US
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridOlberg, M=16201342800en_US
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridWinnberg, A=6603734778en_US
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridFlorén, HG=6602447564en_US
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridSandqvist, A=55411179800en_US
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridKwok, S=22980498300en_US
dc.identifier.issnl0019-1035-

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