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Article: Transforming Growth Factor-β1 (TGF-β1) Regulates Cell Junction Restructuring via Smad-Mediated Repression and Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis of Nectin-like Molecule 2 (Necl-2)
Title | Transforming Growth Factor-β1 (TGF-β1) Regulates Cell Junction Restructuring via Smad-Mediated Repression and Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis of Nectin-like Molecule 2 (Necl-2) |
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Authors | |
Issue Date | 2013 |
Publisher | Public Library of Science. The Journal's web site is located at http://www.plosone.org/home.action |
Citation | PLoS One, 2013, v. 8, p. e64316 How to Cite? |
Abstract | Nectin-like molecule-2 (Necl-2), a junction molecule, is exclusively expressed by spermatogenic cells. It mediates homophilic interaction between germ cells and heterophilic interaction between Sertoli and germ cells. Knockout studies have shown that loss of Necl-2 causes male infertility, suggesting Necl-2-based cell adhesion is crucial for spermatogenesis. Transforming growth factor-βs (TGF-βs) are crucial for regulating cell junction restructuring that are required for spermatogenesis. In the present study, we aim to investigate the mechanism on how TGF-β1 regulates Necl-2 expression to achieve timely junction restructuring in the seminiferous epithelium during spermatogenesis. We have demonstrated that TGF-β1 reduces Necl-2 mRNA and protein levels at both transcriptional and post-translational levels. Using inhibitor and clathrin shRNA, we have revealed that TGF-β1 induces Necl-2 protein degradation via clathrin-dependent endocytosis. Endocytosis assays further confirmed that TGF-β1 accelerates the internalization of Necl-2 protein to cytosol. Immunofluorescence staining also revealed that TGF-β1 effectively removes Necl-2 from cell-cell interface. In addition, TGF-β1 reduces Necl-2 mRNA via down-regulating Necl-2 promoter activity. Mutational studies coupled with knockdown experiments have shown that TGF-β1-induced Necl-2 repression requires activation of Smad proteins. EMSA and ChIP assays further confirmed that TGF-β1 promotes the binding of Smad proteins onto MyoD and CCAATa motifs in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, TGF-β1 is a potent cytokine that provides an effective mechanism in controlling Necl-2 expression in the testis via Smad-dependent gene repression and clathrin-mediated endocytosis. |
Persistent Identifier | http://hdl.handle.net/10722/187752 |
ISSN | 2023 Impact Factor: 2.9 2023 SCImago Journal Rankings: 0.839 |
PubMed Central ID | |
ISI Accession Number ID |
DC Field | Value | Language |
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dc.contributor.author | Gao, Y | - |
dc.contributor.author | Lui, WY | - |
dc.date.accessioned | 2013-08-21T07:12:00Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2013-08-21T07:12:00Z | - |
dc.date.issued | 2013 | - |
dc.identifier.citation | PLoS One, 2013, v. 8, p. e64316 | - |
dc.identifier.issn | 1932-6203 | - |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10722/187752 | - |
dc.description.abstract | Nectin-like molecule-2 (Necl-2), a junction molecule, is exclusively expressed by spermatogenic cells. It mediates homophilic interaction between germ cells and heterophilic interaction between Sertoli and germ cells. Knockout studies have shown that loss of Necl-2 causes male infertility, suggesting Necl-2-based cell adhesion is crucial for spermatogenesis. Transforming growth factor-βs (TGF-βs) are crucial for regulating cell junction restructuring that are required for spermatogenesis. In the present study, we aim to investigate the mechanism on how TGF-β1 regulates Necl-2 expression to achieve timely junction restructuring in the seminiferous epithelium during spermatogenesis. We have demonstrated that TGF-β1 reduces Necl-2 mRNA and protein levels at both transcriptional and post-translational levels. Using inhibitor and clathrin shRNA, we have revealed that TGF-β1 induces Necl-2 protein degradation via clathrin-dependent endocytosis. Endocytosis assays further confirmed that TGF-β1 accelerates the internalization of Necl-2 protein to cytosol. Immunofluorescence staining also revealed that TGF-β1 effectively removes Necl-2 from cell-cell interface. In addition, TGF-β1 reduces Necl-2 mRNA via down-regulating Necl-2 promoter activity. Mutational studies coupled with knockdown experiments have shown that TGF-β1-induced Necl-2 repression requires activation of Smad proteins. EMSA and ChIP assays further confirmed that TGF-β1 promotes the binding of Smad proteins onto MyoD and CCAATa motifs in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, TGF-β1 is a potent cytokine that provides an effective mechanism in controlling Necl-2 expression in the testis via Smad-dependent gene repression and clathrin-mediated endocytosis. | - |
dc.language | eng | - |
dc.publisher | Public Library of Science. The Journal's web site is located at http://www.plosone.org/home.action | - |
dc.relation.ispartof | PLoS ONE | - |
dc.rights | This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. | - |
dc.title | Transforming Growth Factor-β1 (TGF-β1) Regulates Cell Junction Restructuring via Smad-Mediated Repression and Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis of Nectin-like Molecule 2 (Necl-2) | - |
dc.type | Article | - |
dc.identifier.email | Lui, WY: wylui@hku.hk | - |
dc.identifier.authority | Lui, WY=rp00756 | - |
dc.description.nature | published_or_final_version | - |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1371/journal.pone.0064316 | - |
dc.identifier.pmcid | PMC3669379 | - |
dc.identifier.scopus | eid_2-s2.0-84878553178 | - |
dc.identifier.hkuros | 220163 | - |
dc.identifier.volume | 8 | - |
dc.identifier.spage | e64316 | - |
dc.identifier.epage | e64316 | - |
dc.identifier.isi | WOS:000319799900028 | - |
dc.publisher.place | United States | - |
dc.identifier.issnl | 1932-6203 | - |