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Article: Psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of the subjective happiness scale: Evidence from the Hong Kong FAMILY cohort
Title | Psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of the subjective happiness scale: Evidence from the Hong Kong FAMILY cohort |
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Authors | |
Keywords | Chinese Construct validity Family study Public health Subjective Happiness Scale Well-being |
Issue Date | 2014 |
Publisher | Springer New York LLC. The Journal's web site is located at http://www.springer.com/medicine/journal/12529 |
Citation | International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 2014, v. 21 n. 4, p. 646-652 How to Cite? |
Abstract | BACKGROUND: With China's rapid economic growth in the past few decades, there is currently an emerging focus on happiness. Cross-cultural validity studies have indicated that the four-item Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS) has high internal consistency and stable reliability. However, the psychometric characteristics of the SHS in broader Chinese community samples are unknown. PURPOSE: We evaluated the factor structure and psychometric properties of the SHS in the Hong Kong general population. METHODS: The Chinese SHS was derived using forward-backward translation. Of the Cantonese-speaking participants aged >/=15 years, 2,635 were randomly selected from the random sample component of the FAMILY Cohort, a territory-wide cohort study in Hong Kong. In addition to the SHS, a single-item overall happiness scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Family Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection, Resolve (APGAR) scale, and the Medical Outcomes Study 12-item short-form version 2 (SF-12) mental and physical health scales were administered. RESULTS: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a single factor with high loadings for the four SHS items. Multiple group analyses indicated factor invariance across sex and age groups. Cronbach's alpha was 0.82, and 2-week test-retest reliability (n = 191) was 0.70. The SHS correlated significantly with single-item overall happiness (Spearman's rho [rho] = 0.57), Family APGAR (rho = 0.26), PHQ-9 (rho = -0.34), and mental health-related quality of life (rho = 0.40) but showed a lower correlation with physical health (rho = 0.15). A regression model that included the PHQ-9 and Family APGAR scores explained 37 % of the variance in SF-12 mental health scores; adding the SHS raised the variance explained to 41 %. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the reliability and validity of the SHS as a relevant component in the measurement battery for mental well-being in a Chinese general population. |
Persistent Identifier | http://hdl.handle.net/10722/195101 |
ISSN | 2023 Impact Factor: 2.0 2023 SCImago Journal Rankings: 1.013 |
PubMed Central ID | |
ISI Accession Number ID |
DC Field | Value | Language |
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dc.contributor.author | Nan, H | - |
dc.contributor.author | Ni, MY | - |
dc.contributor.author | Lee, PH | - |
dc.contributor.author | Tam, WW | - |
dc.contributor.author | Lam, TH | - |
dc.contributor.author | Leung, GM | - |
dc.contributor.author | McDowell, IW | - |
dc.date.accessioned | 2014-02-24T05:50:14Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2014-02-24T05:50:14Z | - |
dc.date.issued | 2014 | - |
dc.identifier.citation | International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 2014, v. 21 n. 4, p. 646-652 | - |
dc.identifier.issn | 1070-5503 | - |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10722/195101 | - |
dc.description.abstract | BACKGROUND: With China's rapid economic growth in the past few decades, there is currently an emerging focus on happiness. Cross-cultural validity studies have indicated that the four-item Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS) has high internal consistency and stable reliability. However, the psychometric characteristics of the SHS in broader Chinese community samples are unknown. PURPOSE: We evaluated the factor structure and psychometric properties of the SHS in the Hong Kong general population. METHODS: The Chinese SHS was derived using forward-backward translation. Of the Cantonese-speaking participants aged >/=15 years, 2,635 were randomly selected from the random sample component of the FAMILY Cohort, a territory-wide cohort study in Hong Kong. In addition to the SHS, a single-item overall happiness scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Family Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection, Resolve (APGAR) scale, and the Medical Outcomes Study 12-item short-form version 2 (SF-12) mental and physical health scales were administered. RESULTS: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a single factor with high loadings for the four SHS items. Multiple group analyses indicated factor invariance across sex and age groups. Cronbach's alpha was 0.82, and 2-week test-retest reliability (n = 191) was 0.70. The SHS correlated significantly with single-item overall happiness (Spearman's rho [rho] = 0.57), Family APGAR (rho = 0.26), PHQ-9 (rho = -0.34), and mental health-related quality of life (rho = 0.40) but showed a lower correlation with physical health (rho = 0.15). A regression model that included the PHQ-9 and Family APGAR scores explained 37 % of the variance in SF-12 mental health scores; adding the SHS raised the variance explained to 41 %. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the reliability and validity of the SHS as a relevant component in the measurement battery for mental well-being in a Chinese general population. | - |
dc.language | eng | - |
dc.publisher | Springer New York LLC. The Journal's web site is located at http://www.springer.com/medicine/journal/12529 | - |
dc.relation.ispartof | International Journal of Behavioral Medicine | - |
dc.rights | The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com | - |
dc.rights | This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. | - |
dc.subject | Chinese | - |
dc.subject | Construct validity | - |
dc.subject | Family study | - |
dc.subject | Public health | - |
dc.subject | Subjective Happiness Scale | - |
dc.subject | Well-being | - |
dc.title | Psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of the subjective happiness scale: Evidence from the Hong Kong FAMILY cohort | en_US |
dc.type | Article | en_US |
dc.identifier.email | Ni, MY: nimy@hku.hk | - |
dc.identifier.email | Lam, TH: hrmrlth@hkucc.hku.hk | - |
dc.identifier.email | Leung, GM: gmleung@hku.hk | - |
dc.description.nature | published_or_final_version | - |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1007/s12529-014-9389-3 | - |
dc.identifier.pmid | 24515396 | - |
dc.identifier.pmcid | PMC4107280 | - |
dc.identifier.scopus | eid_2-s2.0-84905114951 | - |
dc.identifier.hkuros | 228135 | - |
dc.identifier.isi | WOS:000339734200011 | - |
dc.publisher.place | United States | - |
dc.identifier.issnl | 1070-5503 | - |