"Back to the basics" – anatomy of the thyroid gland

Abstract

KEY LEARNING OBJECTIVE: Head and neck imaging is advancing at a rapid pace and often not fully understood, nor taught due to the complexity of the anatomy. The aim of this exhibit is to be a comprehensive review of the anatomy of the thyroid gland using imaging modalities such as ultrasound, CT and MRI and to illustrate a systemic approach to looking at the thyroid gland with anatomical correlation. The information will be displayed in an easy to understand bite-sized widgets with important learning points, pearls and common pitfalls. DESCRIPTION: The close proximity of the thyroid gland to neurovascular structures in the neck, its variant anatomy and various pathologies have always proved a challenge. Knowledge of anatomy of the thyroid gland is important not only to avoiding improper diagnosis but also crucial when doing interventional/invasive procedures so that one does not cause unnecessary harm. We aim to provide a pictorial review of the anatomy of the thyroid gland in particular its relation to vascular structures and common variants seen in daily radiological practice. 1. Normal anatomy; 2. anatomical variants; 3. common pathologies on ultrasound, CT and MR; 4. pitfalls in diagnosis. CONCLUSION: We hope that our exhibit will provide an easy to remember guide to anatomy of the thyroid gland on commonly used modalities such as ultrasound, CT and MRI and to demonstrate common pathologies encountered on ultrasound as well as a methodical approach in identifying the salient fi ndings in order to reach correct diagnosis.