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Article: Objective evaluation of fatigue by EEG spectral analysis in steady-state visual evoked potential-based brain-computer interfaces.
Title | Objective evaluation of fatigue by EEG spectral analysis in steady-state visual evoked potential-based brain-computer interfaces. |
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Authors | |
Keywords | Brain-computer interfaces Electroencephalography spectral analysis Fatigue Objective evaluation Steady-state visual evoked potential |
Issue Date | 2014 |
Publisher | BioMed Central Ltd. The Journal's web site is located at http://www.biomedical-engineering-online.com |
Citation | BioMedical Engineering OnLine, 2014, v. 13, article no. 28 How to Cite? |
Abstract | BACKGROUND: The fatigue that users suffer when using steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) can cause a number of serious problems such as signal quality degradation and system performance deterioration, users' discomfort and even risk of photosensitive epileptic seizures, posing heavy restrictions on the applications of SSVEP-based BCIs. Towards alleviating the fatigue, a fundamental step is to measure and evaluate it but most existing works adopt self-reported questionnaire methods which are subjective, offline and memory dependent. This paper proposes an objective and real-time approach based on electroencephalography (EEG) spectral analysis to evaluate the fatigue in SSVEP-based BCIs. METHODS: How the EEG indices (amplitudes in delta, theta, alpha and beta frequency bands), the selected ratio indices (theta/alpha and (theta + alpha)/beta), and SSVEP properties (amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)) changes with the increasing fatigue level are investigated through two elaborate SSVEP-based BCI experiments, one validates mainly the effectiveness and another considers more practical situations. Meanwhile, a self-reported fatigue questionnaire is used to provide a subjective reference. ANOVA is employed to test the significance of the difference between the alert state and the fatigue state for each index. RESULTS: Consistent results are obtained in two experiments: the significant increases in alpha and (theta + alpha)/beta, as well as the decrease in theta/alpha are found associated with the increasing fatigue level, indicating that EEG spectral analysis can provide robust objective evaluation of the fatigue in SSVEP-based BCIs. Moreover, the results show that the amplitude and SNR of the elicited SSVEP are significantly affected by users' fatigue. CONCLUSIONS: The experiment results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method as an objective and real-time evaluation of the fatigue in SSVEP-based BCIs. This method would be helpful in understanding the fatigue problem and optimizing the system design to alleviate the fatigue in SSVEP-based BCIs. |
Persistent Identifier | http://hdl.handle.net/10722/199191 |
ISSN | 2023 Impact Factor: 2.9 2023 SCImago Journal Rankings: 0.692 |
PubMed Central ID | |
ISI Accession Number ID |
DC Field | Value | Language |
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dc.contributor.author | Cao, T | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Wan, F | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Wong, CM | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | da Cruz, JN | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Hu, Y | en_US |
dc.date.accessioned | 2014-07-22T01:06:51Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2014-07-22T01:06:51Z | - |
dc.date.issued | 2014 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citation | BioMedical Engineering OnLine, 2014, v. 13, article no. 28 | en_US |
dc.identifier.issn | 1475-925X | - |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10722/199191 | - |
dc.description.abstract | BACKGROUND: The fatigue that users suffer when using steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) can cause a number of serious problems such as signal quality degradation and system performance deterioration, users' discomfort and even risk of photosensitive epileptic seizures, posing heavy restrictions on the applications of SSVEP-based BCIs. Towards alleviating the fatigue, a fundamental step is to measure and evaluate it but most existing works adopt self-reported questionnaire methods which are subjective, offline and memory dependent. This paper proposes an objective and real-time approach based on electroencephalography (EEG) spectral analysis to evaluate the fatigue in SSVEP-based BCIs. METHODS: How the EEG indices (amplitudes in delta, theta, alpha and beta frequency bands), the selected ratio indices (theta/alpha and (theta + alpha)/beta), and SSVEP properties (amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)) changes with the increasing fatigue level are investigated through two elaborate SSVEP-based BCI experiments, one validates mainly the effectiveness and another considers more practical situations. Meanwhile, a self-reported fatigue questionnaire is used to provide a subjective reference. ANOVA is employed to test the significance of the difference between the alert state and the fatigue state for each index. RESULTS: Consistent results are obtained in two experiments: the significant increases in alpha and (theta + alpha)/beta, as well as the decrease in theta/alpha are found associated with the increasing fatigue level, indicating that EEG spectral analysis can provide robust objective evaluation of the fatigue in SSVEP-based BCIs. Moreover, the results show that the amplitude and SNR of the elicited SSVEP are significantly affected by users' fatigue. CONCLUSIONS: The experiment results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method as an objective and real-time evaluation of the fatigue in SSVEP-based BCIs. This method would be helpful in understanding the fatigue problem and optimizing the system design to alleviate the fatigue in SSVEP-based BCIs. | - |
dc.language | eng | en_US |
dc.publisher | BioMed Central Ltd. The Journal's web site is located at http://www.biomedical-engineering-online.com | - |
dc.relation.ispartof | BioMedical Engineering OnLine | en_US |
dc.rights | BioMedical Engineering OnLine. Copyright © BioMed Central Ltd. | - |
dc.rights | This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. | - |
dc.subject | Brain-computer interfaces | - |
dc.subject | Electroencephalography spectral analysis | - |
dc.subject | Fatigue | - |
dc.subject | Objective evaluation | - |
dc.subject | Steady-state visual evoked potential | - |
dc.subject.mesh | Brain-Computer Interfaces | - |
dc.subject.mesh | Electroencephalography - methods | - |
dc.subject.mesh | Evoked Potentials, Visual | - |
dc.subject.mesh | Fatigue - diagnosis | - |
dc.title | Objective evaluation of fatigue by EEG spectral analysis in steady-state visual evoked potential-based brain-computer interfaces. | en_US |
dc.type | Article | en_US |
dc.identifier.email | Hu, Y: yhud@hku.hk | en_US |
dc.identifier.authority | Hu, Y=rp00432 | en_US |
dc.description.nature | published_or_final_version | - |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1186/1475-925X-13-28 | - |
dc.identifier.pmid | 24621009 | - |
dc.identifier.pmcid | PMC3995691 | - |
dc.identifier.scopus | eid_2-s2.0-84899152341 | - |
dc.identifier.hkuros | 230637 | en_US |
dc.identifier.volume | 13 | en_US |
dc.identifier.isi | WOS:000334379800002 | - |
dc.publisher.place | United Kingdom | - |
dc.identifier.issnl | 1475-925X | - |