Delineation of reservoirs using remote sensing and their storage estimate: An example of the Yellow River basin, China

Abstract

Reservoirs are an integral component of water resources planning and management. Periodic and accurate assessment of the water storage change in reservoirs is an extraordinarily important aspect for better watershed management and water resources development. In view of the shortcomings of conventional approaches in locating reservoirs' spatial location and quantifying their storage, the remote sensing technique has several advantages, either for a single reservoir or for a group of reservoirs. The satellite-based remote sensing data, encompassing spatial, spectral and temporal attributes, can provide high-resolution synoptic and repetitive information with short time intervals on a large scale. Using remote sensing images in conjunction with Google Earth and field check of representative reservoirs, the spatial distribution of constructed reservoirs in the Yellow River basin was delineated, and their storage volume and the residence time of the stored water were estimated. The results showed that 2816 reservoirs were extracted from the images, accounting for 89·5% of the registered total. All large- and medium-sized reservoirs were extracted while small reservoirs may not be extracted due to coarse resolution and cloud-cover shadows. An empirical relationship between the extracted water surface area and the compiled storage capacity of representative reservoirs was developed. The water storage capacity was estimated to be 66·71 km 3, about 92·7% of the total storage capacity reported by the authority. Furthermore, the basin was divided into 10 sub-basins upon which the water's residence time was analysed. The water discharge in the basin has been greatly regulated. The residence time has surged to 3·97 years in recent years, ranking the Yellow River in the top three of the list in terms of residence time and flow regulation among large river systems in the world. It is expected that it will be further extended in future owing to decreasing water discharge and increasing reservoir storage capacity. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.