Peri-implantitis: Etiology, pathogenesis, prevention, and therapy

Abstract

© 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.Peri-implant diseases are frequently encountered biological complications following implant installation. Peri-implant mucositis represents a local host response to the biofilm formation confined to the peri-implant soft tREFIIDs without any loss of supporting bone, while peri-implantitis is characterized by additional peri-implant bone loss. The 10- year incidence of peri-implantitis is estimated to affect 10 % of the implants in approximately 20 % of the patients with implants. Hence, the knowledge of the etiology and pathogenesis of these diseases is a prerequisite for successful prevention and therapy. It has to be realized that these biological complication represent opportunistic infections. Consequently, prevention and therapy are dependent on successful biofilm control. A supportive therapy (maintenance) scheme is presented that - in its initial stages addresses mucositis control as a preventive measure for peri-implantitis. The treatment of peri-implantitis is addressed with a strict antimicrobial therapeutic approach both non-surgically as well as surgically. It is obvious that these practices (CIST: Cumulative interceptive supportive therapy) are chosen according to a systematic monitoring and diagnosis of the peri-implant conditions. In this effort regular probing of the peri-implant sulcus is of utmost significance.