Expressive therapies continuum: an inclusive cultural landscape for all Arts Therapies

Abstract

The Expressive Therapies Continuum (ETC) is a theoretical and practical framework that helps define and explain the myriad therapeutic uses of art expression. It is a foundational theory which can increase respect and communication among diverse arts therapies practitioners. The panel will show how the ETC has been used successfully in various cultures across the world to guide expressive therapies. The ETC is a comprehensive theoretical structure which explains client interactions during expressive activities. It includes three bipolar levels arranged in a hierarchical fashion to include all forms of creative expression from simple sensory/kinesthetic activities (dance, movement, music, art) through perceptual/affective experiences (art, music, drama), to complex cognitive processes and multileveled symbols (poetry, drama, art). Creative expression is the overarching experience. This manner of viewing interaction in expressive experiences encourages therapists to understand the processes taking place from a holistic point of view that includes functioning of body, mind, and spirit and is applicable across all cultures. Expressive arts therapy guided by the ETC begins where the client is comfortable and proceeds with the gradual introduction of new media, experiences, and/or discussion to gently reduce overused functions and/or increase underused or blocked ones. It aids the implementation of expressive arts interventions, tracks the progress of therapy, and helps organize termination. Art therapists actively demonstrate the power of creativity through their regular expressive endeavors, but sometimes can believe that theirs is the only correct way to conceptualize and conduct therapy. The structure of the ETC can explain therapeutic experiences from all psychological theories and expressive therapies, and in its inclusiveness encourages respectful comprehension of every approach. The ETC offers a common language to describe expressive activities which can increase understanding among expressive therapy professionals coming to the field from different orientations, backgrounds and cultures.