Meta Paths and Meta Structures: Analyzing Large Heterogeneous Information Networks

Abstract

A heterogeneous information network (HIN) is a graph model in which objects and edges are annotated with types. Large and complex databases, such as YAGO and DBLP, can be modeled as HINs. A fundamental problem in HINs is the computation of closeness, or relevance, between two HIN objects. Relevance measures, such as PCRW, PathSim, and HeteSim, can be used in various applications, including information retrieval, entity resolution, and product recommendation. These metrics are based on the use of meta-paths, essentially a sequence of node classes and edge types between two nodes in a HIN. In this tutorial, we will give a detailed review of meta-paths, as well as how they are used to define relevance. In a large and complex HIN, retrieving meta paths manually can be complex, expensive, and error-prone. Hence, we will explore systematic methods for finding meta paths. In particular, we will study a solution based on the Query-by-Example (QBE) paradigm, which allows us to discovery meta-paths in an effective and efficient manner. We further generalise the notion of meta path to 'meta structures', which is a directed acyclic graph of object types with edge types connecting them. Meta structure, which is more expressive than the meta path, can describe complex relationship between two HIN objects (e.g., two papers in DBLP share the same authors and topics). We develop three relevance measures based on meta structure. Due to the computational complexity of these measures, we also study an algorithm with data structures proposed to support their evaluation. Finally, we will examine solutions for performing query recommendation based on meta-paths. We will also discuss future research directions in HINs.