The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation

Abstract

A total of 123 species of non-native freshwater fish, including seven possible hybrids, are recorded from the inland waters in Singapore. The majority (84 species, 68.3%) are from four families: Cyprinidae (37 species, 30.1%), Cichlidae (30 species, 24.4%), Osphronemidae (9 species, 7.3%), and Poeciliidae (8 species, 6.5%). Of these, 42 species—mainly cichlids (12 species)—are established in Singapore. The likely pathways of introduction and pertinent conservation issues are briefly discussed. Notes on local distribution, species used for biological control, dubious records, early records of native fish species, ornamental fish trade and aquacultural species are also provided. An addendum is included for four more species.