Nanoscale 3D printing of perovskites

Abstract

Winning high performance materials is the most important challenges in modern 3D printing technology. The excellent material properties and low-cost production of organic-inorganic metal halide perovskites make them promising building blocks for fully integrated optoelectronics devices1,2. The practical realization of perovskite devices necessitates a high-precision control over the shape, composition and crystallinity. Many clever nanofabrication methods3-5 have been devised to shape perovskites, however, it is still limited to in-plane and low aspect ratio with simple forms. To satisfy the demands for cutting-edge optoelectronics6,7 with freeform circuitry and high integration density, we developed a nano-precision three-dimensional (3D) printing for organic-inorganic metal halide perovskites. The 3D printing method uses a femtoliter ink meniscus to guide evaporation-induced crystallization in mid-air, fabricating freestanding 3D perovskite nanostructures with a preferred crystal orientation. Stretching the ink meniscus with pulling process enables on-demand control of the nanostructure's diameter and hollowness, leading to an unprecedented tubular-solid transition. By varying the pulling direction, we successfully demonstrated a layer-by-layer stacking of perovskite nanostructures with programmed shapes and positions. In this talk, we will present our results and discuss the prospects of our work for potential applications in customized, freeform optoelectronics. References: 1. Kojima, A., Teshima, K., Shirai, Y., Miyasaka, T. Organometal halide perovskites as visible-light sensitizers for photovoltaic cells. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131, 6050-6051 (2009). 2. Green, M. A., Ho-Baillie, A., Snaith, H. J. The emergence of perovskite solar cells. Nat. Photon. 8, 506-514 (2014). 3. Oener, S. Z., Khoram, P., Brittman, S., Mann, S. A., Zhang, Q., Fan, Z., Boettcher, S. W., Garnett, E. C. Perovskite nanowire extrusion. Nano Lett. 17, 6557-6563 (2017). 4. Liu, P., He, X., Ren, J., Liao, Q., Yao, J., Fu, H. Organic−inorganic hybrid perovskite nanowire laser arrays. ACS Nano 11, 5766-5773 (2017). 5. Mao, J., Sha, W. E. I., Zhang, H., Ren, X., Zhuang, J., Roy, V. A. L., Wong, K. S., Choy, W. C. H. Novel direct nanopatterning approach to fabricate periodically nanostructured perovskite for optoelectronic applications. Adv. Funct. Mater. 27, 1606525 (2017). 6. Park, S. H., Su, R., Jeong, J., Guo, S.-Z., Qiu, K., Joung, D., Meng, F., McAlpine, M. C. 3D printed polymer photodetectors. Adv. Mater. 30, 1803980 (2018). 7. Kong, Y. L., Tamargo, I. A., Kim, H., Johnson, B. N., Gupta, M. K., Koh, T.-W., Chin, H.-A., Steingart, D. A., Rand, B. P., McAlpine, M. C. 3D printed quantum dot light-emitting diodes. Nano Lett. 14, 7017-7023 (2014).