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Article: No relationship between prenatal or early postnatal androgen exposure and autistic traits: evidence using anogenital distance and penile length measurements at birth and 3 months of age
Title | No relationship between prenatal or early postnatal androgen exposure and autistic traits: evidence using anogenital distance and penile length measurements at birth and 3 months of age |
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Authors | |
Keywords | penile length autistic traits Anogenital distance extreme male brain autism gender |
Issue Date | 2021 |
Citation | Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2021, v. 62 n. 7, p. 876-883 How to Cite? |
Abstract | © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health. Background: Autism is more prevalent in males than in females. Hypotheses related to the extreme male brain theory of autism suggest that heightened androgen exposure during early development contributes to autistic traits. Whilst prior research focused mostly on the prenatal period, the current study tests the influences of androgen exposure during both the prenatal and the early postnatal periods on autistic traits during childhood. Methods: Anthropometric measures that are putative biomarkers of early androgen exposure were employed. Anogenital distance (AGD) was measured at birth and 3 months of age in boys and girls. Penile length at birth and 3 months of age was also measured in boys. When the children were 9–13 years old, a parent-reported questionnaire (the 10-item children’s version of the Autism Spectrum Quotient; AQ-10 Child) was used to assess autistic traits in 97 boys and 110 girls. Results: There were no significant associations between any of the AGD or penile length measures and scores on the AQ-10 Child in boys, girls or the entire sample. Conclusions: The current study provides the first test of whether early measurements of AGD and/or penile length predict subsequent autistic traits. The current findings do not support a relationship between prenatal or early postnatal androgen exposure and autistic traits. The current study augments prior research showing no consistent relationship between early androgen exposure and autistic traits. |
Persistent Identifier | http://hdl.handle.net/10722/295185 |
ISSN | 2023 Impact Factor: 6.5 2023 SCImago Journal Rankings: 3.133 |
ISI Accession Number ID |
DC Field | Value | Language |
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dc.contributor.author | Kung, Karson T.F. | - |
dc.contributor.author | Thankamony, Ajay | - |
dc.contributor.author | Ong, Ken K.L. | - |
dc.contributor.author | Acerini, Carlo L. | - |
dc.contributor.author | Dunger, David B. | - |
dc.contributor.author | Hughes, Ieuan A. | - |
dc.contributor.author | Hines, Melissa | - |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-01-05T04:59:14Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2021-01-05T04:59:14Z | - |
dc.date.issued | 2021 | - |
dc.identifier.citation | Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2021, v. 62 n. 7, p. 876-883 | - |
dc.identifier.issn | 0021-9630 | - |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10722/295185 | - |
dc.description.abstract | © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health. Background: Autism is more prevalent in males than in females. Hypotheses related to the extreme male brain theory of autism suggest that heightened androgen exposure during early development contributes to autistic traits. Whilst prior research focused mostly on the prenatal period, the current study tests the influences of androgen exposure during both the prenatal and the early postnatal periods on autistic traits during childhood. Methods: Anthropometric measures that are putative biomarkers of early androgen exposure were employed. Anogenital distance (AGD) was measured at birth and 3 months of age in boys and girls. Penile length at birth and 3 months of age was also measured in boys. When the children were 9–13 years old, a parent-reported questionnaire (the 10-item children’s version of the Autism Spectrum Quotient; AQ-10 Child) was used to assess autistic traits in 97 boys and 110 girls. Results: There were no significant associations between any of the AGD or penile length measures and scores on the AQ-10 Child in boys, girls or the entire sample. Conclusions: The current study provides the first test of whether early measurements of AGD and/or penile length predict subsequent autistic traits. The current findings do not support a relationship between prenatal or early postnatal androgen exposure and autistic traits. The current study augments prior research showing no consistent relationship between early androgen exposure and autistic traits. | - |
dc.language | eng | - |
dc.relation.ispartof | Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry | - |
dc.rights | This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. | - |
dc.subject | penile length | - |
dc.subject | autistic traits | - |
dc.subject | Anogenital distance | - |
dc.subject | extreme male brain | - |
dc.subject | autism | - |
dc.subject | gender | - |
dc.title | No relationship between prenatal or early postnatal androgen exposure and autistic traits: evidence using anogenital distance and penile length measurements at birth and 3 months of age | - |
dc.type | Article | - |
dc.description.nature | published_or_final_version | - |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1111/jcpp.13335 | - |
dc.identifier.pmid | 33049073 | - |
dc.identifier.scopus | eid_2-s2.0-85092373483 | - |
dc.identifier.volume | 62 | - |
dc.identifier.issue | 7 | - |
dc.identifier.spage | 876 | - |
dc.identifier.epage | 883 | - |
dc.identifier.eissn | 1469-7610 | - |
dc.identifier.isi | WOS:000578766300001 | - |
dc.identifier.issnl | 0021-9630 | - |