Growth of 2H stacked WSe2 bilayers on sapphire

Abstract

Bilayers of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal chalcogenides (TMDs) such as WSe have been attracting increasing attention owing to the intriguing properties involved in the different stacking configurations. The growth of bilayer WSe by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has been facilely obtained without proper control of the stacking configuration. Herein, we report the controlled growth of bilayer WSe crystals as large as 30 μm on c-plane sapphire by the CVD method. Combining second harmonic generation (SHG), low-frequency Raman and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), we elucidate the as-grown bilayer WSe with a 2H stacking configuration. Atomic force microscope (AFM) measurements reveal that the prominent atomic steps provide the energetically favorable templates to guide the upper layer nuclei formation, resembling the "graphoepitaxial effect" and facilitating the second WSe layer following the layer-by-layer growth mode to complete the bilayer growth. Field-effect charge transport measurement performed on bilayer WSe yields a hole mobility of up to 40 cm V s , more than 3× higher than the value achieved in monolayer WSe -based devices. Our study provides key insights into the growth mechanism of bilayer WSe crystals on sapphire and unlocks the opportunity for potential bilayer and multilayer TMD electronic applications. 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 -1 -1