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Article: Aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2 due to the chimney effect in two high-rise housing drainage stacks

TitleAerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2 due to the chimney effect in two high-rise housing drainage stacks
Authors
KeywordsCOVID-19
Fecal aerosol
Drainage system
Chimney effect
Spitting behavior
Issue Date2022
PublisherElsevier BV. The Journal's web site is located at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jhazmat
Citation
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2022, v. 421, p. article no. 126799 How to Cite?
AbstractStack aerosols are generated within vertical building drainage stacks during the discharge of wastewater containing feces and exhaled mucus from toilets and washbasins. Fifteen stack aerosol-related outbreaks of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in high-rise buildings have been observed in Hong Kong and Guangzhou. Currently, we investigated two such outbreaks of COVID-19 in Hong Kong, identified the probable role of chimney effect-induced airflow in a building drainage system in the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We injected tracer gas (SF6) into the drainage stacks via the water closet of the index case and monitored tracer gas concentrations in the bathrooms and along the facades of infected and non-infected flats and in roof vents. The air temperature, humidity, and pressure in vertical stacks were also monitored. The measured tracer gas distribution agreed with the observed distribution of the infected cases. Phylogenetic analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences demonstrated clonal spread from a point source in cases along the same vertical column. The stack air pressure and temperature distributions suggested that stack aerosols can spread to indoors through pipe leaks which provide direct evidence for the long-range aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through drainage pipes via the chimney effect.
Persistent Identifierhttp://hdl.handle.net/10722/301526
ISSN
2023 Impact Factor: 12.2
2023 SCImago Journal Rankings: 2.950
PubMed Central ID
ISI Accession Number ID

 

DC FieldValueLanguage
dc.contributor.authorWang, Q-
dc.contributor.authorLi, Y-
dc.contributor.authorLung, D-
dc.contributor.authorCHAN, PT-
dc.contributor.authorDung, CH-
dc.contributor.authorJIA, W-
dc.contributor.authorMIAO, T-
dc.contributor.authorHuang, J-
dc.contributor.authorCHEN, W-
dc.contributor.authorWANG, Z-
dc.contributor.authorLeung, KM-
dc.contributor.authorLin, Z-
dc.contributor.authorWong, D-
dc.contributor.authorTse, H-
dc.contributor.authorWong, SCY-
dc.contributor.authorChoi, GKY-
dc.contributor.authorLam, JYW-
dc.contributor.authorTo, KKW-
dc.contributor.authorCheng, VCC-
dc.contributor.authorYuen, KY-
dc.date.accessioned2021-08-09T03:40:21Z-
dc.date.available2021-08-09T03:40:21Z-
dc.date.issued2022-
dc.identifier.citationJournal of Hazardous Materials, 2022, v. 421, p. article no. 126799-
dc.identifier.issn0304-3894-
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10722/301526-
dc.description.abstractStack aerosols are generated within vertical building drainage stacks during the discharge of wastewater containing feces and exhaled mucus from toilets and washbasins. Fifteen stack aerosol-related outbreaks of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in high-rise buildings have been observed in Hong Kong and Guangzhou. Currently, we investigated two such outbreaks of COVID-19 in Hong Kong, identified the probable role of chimney effect-induced airflow in a building drainage system in the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We injected tracer gas (SF6) into the drainage stacks via the water closet of the index case and monitored tracer gas concentrations in the bathrooms and along the facades of infected and non-infected flats and in roof vents. The air temperature, humidity, and pressure in vertical stacks were also monitored. The measured tracer gas distribution agreed with the observed distribution of the infected cases. Phylogenetic analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences demonstrated clonal spread from a point source in cases along the same vertical column. The stack air pressure and temperature distributions suggested that stack aerosols can spread to indoors through pipe leaks which provide direct evidence for the long-range aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through drainage pipes via the chimney effect.-
dc.languageeng-
dc.publisherElsevier BV. The Journal's web site is located at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jhazmat-
dc.relation.ispartofJournal of Hazardous Materials-
dc.subjectCOVID-19-
dc.subjectFecal aerosol-
dc.subjectDrainage system-
dc.subjectChimney effect-
dc.subjectSpitting behavior-
dc.titleAerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2 due to the chimney effect in two high-rise housing drainage stacks-
dc.typeArticle-
dc.identifier.emailWang, Q: wangqun3@hku.hk-
dc.identifier.emailLi, Y: liyg@hku.hk-
dc.identifier.emailHuang, J: jxhuang@hku.hk-
dc.identifier.emailYuen, KY: kyyuen@hkucc.hku.hk-
dc.identifier.authorityLi, Y=rp00151-
dc.identifier.authorityHuang, J=rp01758-
dc.identifier.authorityYuen, KY=rp00366-
dc.description.naturelink_to_OA_fulltext-
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126799-
dc.identifier.pmcidPMC8327615-
dc.identifier.scopuseid_2-s2.0-85113257762-
dc.identifier.hkuros324048-
dc.identifier.volume421-
dc.identifier.spagearticle no. 126799-
dc.identifier.epagearticle no. 126799-
dc.identifier.isiWOS:000696928200001-
dc.publisher.placeNetherlands-

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