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Article: The Impact of the Tumor Microenvironment on Macrophage Polarization in Cancer Metastatic Progression

TitleThe Impact of the Tumor Microenvironment on Macrophage Polarization in Cancer Metastatic Progression
Authors
Keywordstumor microenvironment
macrophage polarization
peritoneal metastasis
tumor-associated macrophages
premetastatic niche
Issue Date2021
PublisherMolecular Diversity Preservation International. The Journal's web site is located at http://www.mdpi.org/ijms
Citation
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2021, v. 22 n. 12, p. article no. 6560 How to Cite?
AbstractRather than primary solid tumors, metastasis is one of the hallmarks of most cancer deaths. Metastasis is a multistage event in which cancer cells escape from the primary tumor survive in the circulation and disseminate to distant sites. According to Stephen Paget’s “Seed and Soil” hypothesis, metastatic capacity is determined not only by the internal oncogenic driving force but also by the external environment of tumor cells. Throughout the body, macrophages are required for maintaining tissue homeostasis, even in the tumor milieu. To fulfill these multiple functions, macrophages are polarized from the inflammation status (M1-like) to anti-inflammation status (M2-like) to maintain the balance between inflammation and regeneration. However, tumor cell-enforced tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) (a high M2/M1 ratio status) are associated with poor prognosis for most solid tumors, such as ovarian cancer. In fact, clinical evidence has verified that TAMs, representing up to 50% of the tumor mass, exert both protumor and immunosuppressive effects in promoting tumor metastasis through secretion of interleukin 10 (IL10), transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), and VEGF, expression of PD-1 and consumption of arginine to inhibit T cell anti-tumor function. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms by which the tumor microenvironment favors reprogramming of macrophages to TAMs to establish a premetastatic niche remain controversial. In this review, we examine the latest investigations of TAMs during tumor development, the microenvironmental factors involved in macrophage polarization, and the mechanisms of TAM-mediated tumor metastasis. We hope to dissect the critical roles of TAMs in tumor metastasis, and the potential applications of TAM-targeted therapeutic strategies in cancer treatment are discussed.
Persistent Identifierhttp://hdl.handle.net/10722/305935
ISSN
2023 Impact Factor: 4.9
2023 SCImago Journal Rankings: 1.179
PubMed Central ID
ISI Accession Number ID

 

DC FieldValueLanguage
dc.contributor.authorWANG, H-
dc.contributor.authorYung, MMH-
dc.contributor.authorNgan, HYS-
dc.contributor.authorChan, KKL-
dc.contributor.authorChan, DW-
dc.date.accessioned2021-10-20T10:16:27Z-
dc.date.available2021-10-20T10:16:27Z-
dc.date.issued2021-
dc.identifier.citationInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2021, v. 22 n. 12, p. article no. 6560-
dc.identifier.issn1661-6596-
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10722/305935-
dc.description.abstractRather than primary solid tumors, metastasis is one of the hallmarks of most cancer deaths. Metastasis is a multistage event in which cancer cells escape from the primary tumor survive in the circulation and disseminate to distant sites. According to Stephen Paget’s “Seed and Soil” hypothesis, metastatic capacity is determined not only by the internal oncogenic driving force but also by the external environment of tumor cells. Throughout the body, macrophages are required for maintaining tissue homeostasis, even in the tumor milieu. To fulfill these multiple functions, macrophages are polarized from the inflammation status (M1-like) to anti-inflammation status (M2-like) to maintain the balance between inflammation and regeneration. However, tumor cell-enforced tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) (a high M2/M1 ratio status) are associated with poor prognosis for most solid tumors, such as ovarian cancer. In fact, clinical evidence has verified that TAMs, representing up to 50% of the tumor mass, exert both protumor and immunosuppressive effects in promoting tumor metastasis through secretion of interleukin 10 (IL10), transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), and VEGF, expression of PD-1 and consumption of arginine to inhibit T cell anti-tumor function. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms by which the tumor microenvironment favors reprogramming of macrophages to TAMs to establish a premetastatic niche remain controversial. In this review, we examine the latest investigations of TAMs during tumor development, the microenvironmental factors involved in macrophage polarization, and the mechanisms of TAM-mediated tumor metastasis. We hope to dissect the critical roles of TAMs in tumor metastasis, and the potential applications of TAM-targeted therapeutic strategies in cancer treatment are discussed.-
dc.languageeng-
dc.publisherMolecular Diversity Preservation International. The Journal's web site is located at http://www.mdpi.org/ijms-
dc.relation.ispartofInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences-
dc.rightsThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.-
dc.subjecttumor microenvironment-
dc.subjectmacrophage polarization-
dc.subjectperitoneal metastasis-
dc.subjecttumor-associated macrophages-
dc.subjectpremetastatic niche-
dc.titleThe Impact of the Tumor Microenvironment on Macrophage Polarization in Cancer Metastatic Progression-
dc.typeArticle-
dc.identifier.emailYung, MMH: mhyung@hku.hk-
dc.identifier.emailNgan, HYS: hysngan@hkucc.hku.hk-
dc.identifier.emailChan, KKL: kklchan@hkucc.hku.hk-
dc.identifier.authorityNgan, HYS=rp00346-
dc.identifier.authorityChan, KKL=rp00499-
dc.identifier.authorityChan, DW=rp00543-
dc.description.naturepublished_or_final_version-
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/ijms22126560-
dc.identifier.pmid34207286-
dc.identifier.pmcidPMC8235734-
dc.identifier.scopuseid_2-s2.0-85108097481-
dc.identifier.hkuros327492-
dc.identifier.volume22-
dc.identifier.issue12-
dc.identifier.spagearticle no. 6560-
dc.identifier.epagearticle no. 6560-
dc.identifier.isiWOS:000666457000001-
dc.publisher.placeSwitzerland-

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