Effect of smartphone-based mindfulness intervention on working memory and the mediation role of rumination

Abstract

Working memory is a vital executive function that predicts a wide range of life outcomes. Over the years, researchers have been identifying ways to improve working memory capacity. With the rising popularity of mindfulness apps, empirical studies began in the area to examine their efficacies on both psychological and cognitive outcomes. The current study examined whether a 10-day smartphone-based mindfulness intervention provided by Headspace effectively improves working memory capacity in a randomized controlled trial. The result was compared against a 10-day relaxation music program. The current study also explored the mediation role of rumination as the underlying mechanism. The final sample consists of 51 participants, 28 in the experimental (Headspace) group and 23 in the active control (relaxation music) group. Results suggest that the working memory capacity in the Headspace group was marginally significantly improved upon completion of the intervention. However, the increase was not significantly higher than that of the relaxation music group. Mediation analysis revealed that the indirect effect of decreased rumination was not significant. Implications and limitations of the study were discussed.