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Article: Dual challenges of heat wave and protective facemask-induced thermal stress in Hong Kong

TitleDual challenges of heat wave and protective facemask-induced thermal stress in Hong Kong
Authors
KeywordsProtective facemask
Human thermal stress
Physiological subjective temperature
Heat wave
Microclimate
Topography
Issue Date2021
PublisherPergamon. The Journal's web site is located at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/buildenv
Citation
Building and Environment, 2021, v. 206, article no. 108317 How to Cite?
AbstractDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, wearing protective facemasks (PFMs) can effectively reduce infection risk, but the use of PFMs can amplify heat-related health risks. We studied the amplified PFM-induced human thermal stress via both field measurements and model simulations over a typical subtropical mountainous city, Hong Kong. First, a hot and humid PFM microenvironment has been observed with high temperature (34–35 °C) and high humidity (80–95%), resulting in an aggravated facial thermal stress with a maximal PFM-covered facial heat flux of 500 W/m2 under high-intensity activities. Second, to predict the overall PFM-inclusive human thermal stress, we developed a new facial thermal load model, SPFM and a new human-environment adaptive thermal stress (HEATS) model by coupling SPFM with an enhanced thermal comfort model to resolve modified human-environment interactions with the intervention of PFM under realistic climatic and topographical conditions. The model was then applied to predict spatiotemporal variations of PFM-inclusive physiological subjective temperature (PST) and corresponding heat stress levels during a typical heat wave event. It was found wearing PFM can significantly aggravate human thermal stress over Hong Kong with a spatially averaged PST increment of 5.0 °C and an additional spatial area of 158.4% exposed to the severest heat risks. Besides, PFM-inclusive PST was found to increase nonlinearly with terrain slopes at a rate of 1.3–3.9 °C/10°(slope), owing to elevated metabolic heat production. Furthermore, urban residents were found to have higher PFM-aggravated heat risks than rural residents, especially at night due to synergistic urban heat and moisture island effects.
Persistent Identifierhttp://hdl.handle.net/10722/309387
ISSN
2023 Impact Factor: 7.1
2023 SCImago Journal Rankings: 1.647
PubMed Central ID
ISI Accession Number ID

 

DC FieldValueLanguage
dc.contributor.authorShi, D-
dc.contributor.authorSong, J-
dc.contributor.authorDu, R-
dc.contributor.authorChan, PW-
dc.date.accessioned2021-12-29T02:14:23Z-
dc.date.available2021-12-29T02:14:23Z-
dc.date.issued2021-
dc.identifier.citationBuilding and Environment, 2021, v. 206, article no. 108317-
dc.identifier.issn0360-1323-
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10722/309387-
dc.description.abstractDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, wearing protective facemasks (PFMs) can effectively reduce infection risk, but the use of PFMs can amplify heat-related health risks. We studied the amplified PFM-induced human thermal stress via both field measurements and model simulations over a typical subtropical mountainous city, Hong Kong. First, a hot and humid PFM microenvironment has been observed with high temperature (34–35 °C) and high humidity (80–95%), resulting in an aggravated facial thermal stress with a maximal PFM-covered facial heat flux of 500 W/m2 under high-intensity activities. Second, to predict the overall PFM-inclusive human thermal stress, we developed a new facial thermal load model, SPFM and a new human-environment adaptive thermal stress (HEATS) model by coupling SPFM with an enhanced thermal comfort model to resolve modified human-environment interactions with the intervention of PFM under realistic climatic and topographical conditions. The model was then applied to predict spatiotemporal variations of PFM-inclusive physiological subjective temperature (PST) and corresponding heat stress levels during a typical heat wave event. It was found wearing PFM can significantly aggravate human thermal stress over Hong Kong with a spatially averaged PST increment of 5.0 °C and an additional spatial area of 158.4% exposed to the severest heat risks. Besides, PFM-inclusive PST was found to increase nonlinearly with terrain slopes at a rate of 1.3–3.9 °C/10°(slope), owing to elevated metabolic heat production. Furthermore, urban residents were found to have higher PFM-aggravated heat risks than rural residents, especially at night due to synergistic urban heat and moisture island effects.-
dc.languageeng-
dc.publisherPergamon. The Journal's web site is located at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/buildenv-
dc.relation.ispartofBuilding and Environment-
dc.subjectProtective facemask-
dc.subjectHuman thermal stress-
dc.subjectPhysiological subjective temperature-
dc.subjectHeat wave-
dc.subjectMicroclimate-
dc.subjectTopography-
dc.titleDual challenges of heat wave and protective facemask-induced thermal stress in Hong Kong-
dc.typeArticle-
dc.identifier.emailSong, J: jsong90@hku.hk-
dc.identifier.authoritySong, J=rp02618-
dc.description.naturelink_to_OA_fulltext-
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108317-
dc.identifier.pmid34483458-
dc.identifier.pmcidPMC8407939-
dc.identifier.scopuseid_2-s2.0-85114514895-
dc.identifier.hkuros331281-
dc.identifier.volume206-
dc.identifier.spagearticle no. 108317-
dc.identifier.epagearticle no. 108317-
dc.identifier.isiWOS:000697716200001-
dc.publisher.placeUnited Kingdom-

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