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Article: A prospective follow-up of thyroid volume and thyroiditis features on ultrasonography among survivors of predominantly mild to moderate COVID-19

TitleA prospective follow-up of thyroid volume and thyroiditis features on ultrasonography among survivors of predominantly mild to moderate COVID-19
Authors
Issue Date1-Mar-2023
PublisherPeerJ
Citation
PeerJ – the Journal of Life & Environmental Sciences, 2023, v. 11 How to Cite?
Abstract

Background: We previously showed that higher SARS-CoV-2 viral load correlated with smaller thyroid volumes among COVID-19 survivors at 2 months after acute COVID-19. Our current follow-up study evaluated the evolution of thyroid volumes and thyroiditis features within the same group of patients 6 months later.

Methods: Adult COVID-19 survivors who underwent thyroid ultrasonography 2 months after infection (USG1) were recruited for follow-up USG 6 months later (USG2). The primary outcome was the change in thyroid volume. We also reassessed thyroiditis features on USG, thyroid function and anti-thyroid antibodies.

Results: Fifty-four patients were recruited (mean age 48.1 years; 63% men). The mean thyroid volume increased from USG1 to USG2 (11.9 ± 4.8 to 14.5 ± 6.2 mL, p < 0.001). Thirty-two patients (59.3%) had significant increase in thyroid volume by ≥15%, and they had a median increase of +33.3% (IQR: +20.0% to +45.0%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that only higher baseline SARS-CoV-2 viral load independently correlated with significant thyroid volume increase on USG2 (p = 0.022). Among the seven patients with thyroiditis features on USG1, six (85.7%) had the features resolved on USG2. None had new thyroiditis features on USG2. All abnormal thyroid function during acute COVID-19 resolved upon USG1 and USG2.

Conclusion: Most COVID-19 survivors had an increase in thyroid volume from early convalescent phase to later convalescent phase. This increase correlated with high initial SARS-CoV-2 viral load. Together with the resolution of thyroiditis features, these may suggest a transient direct atrophic effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the thyroid gland with subsequent recovery of thyroid volume and thyroiditis features.


Persistent Identifierhttp://hdl.handle.net/10722/328303
ISSN
2023 Impact Factor: 2.3
2023 SCImago Journal Rankings: 0.623

 

DC FieldValueLanguage
dc.contributor.authorFung, MHM-
dc.contributor.authorLui, DTW-
dc.contributor.authorChiu, KWH-
dc.contributor.authorLee, SH-
dc.contributor.authorLee, CH-
dc.contributor.authorChow, WS-
dc.contributor.authorLee, ACH-
dc.contributor.authorTam, AR-
dc.contributor.authorPang, P-
dc.contributor.authorHo, TY-
dc.contributor.authorFong, CHY-
dc.contributor.authorLoong, CHN-
dc.contributor.authorLaw, CY-
dc.contributor.authorTo, KKW-
dc.contributor.authorLam, CW-
dc.contributor.authorTan, KCB-
dc.contributor.authorWoo, YC-
dc.contributor.authorHung, IFN-
dc.contributor.authorLam, KSL-
dc.contributor.authorLang, B-
dc.date.accessioned2023-06-28T04:41:41Z-
dc.date.available2023-06-28T04:41:41Z-
dc.date.issued2023-03-01-
dc.identifier.citationPeerJ – the Journal of Life & Environmental Sciences, 2023, v. 11-
dc.identifier.issn2167-8359-
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10722/328303-
dc.description.abstract<p><strong>Background: </strong>We previously showed that higher SARS-CoV-2 viral load correlated with smaller thyroid volumes among COVID-19 survivors at 2 months after acute COVID-19. Our current follow-up study evaluated the evolution of thyroid volumes and thyroiditis features within the same group of patients 6 months later.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adult COVID-19 survivors who underwent thyroid ultrasonography 2 months after infection (USG1) were recruited for follow-up USG 6 months later (USG2). The primary outcome was the change in thyroid volume. We also reassessed thyroiditis features on USG, thyroid function and anti-thyroid antibodies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-four patients were recruited (mean age 48.1 years; 63% men). The mean thyroid volume increased from USG1 to USG2 (11.9 ± 4.8 to 14.5 ± 6.2 mL, <em>p</em> < 0.001). Thirty-two patients (59.3%) had significant increase in thyroid volume by ≥15%, and they had a median increase of +33.3% (IQR: +20.0% to +45.0%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that only higher baseline SARS-CoV-2 viral load independently correlated with significant thyroid volume increase on USG2 (<em>p</em> = 0.022). Among the seven patients with thyroiditis features on USG1, six (85.7%) had the features resolved on USG2. None had new thyroiditis features on USG2. All abnormal thyroid function during acute COVID-19 resolved upon USG1 and USG2.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Most COVID-19 survivors had an increase in thyroid volume from early convalescent phase to later convalescent phase. This increase correlated with high initial SARS-CoV-2 viral load. Together with the resolution of thyroiditis features, these may suggest a transient direct atrophic effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the thyroid gland with subsequent recovery of thyroid volume and thyroiditis features.</p>-
dc.languageeng-
dc.publisherPeerJ-
dc.relation.ispartofPeerJ – the Journal of Life & Environmental Sciences-
dc.titleA prospective follow-up of thyroid volume and thyroiditis features on ultrasonography among survivors of predominantly mild to moderate COVID-19-
dc.typeArticle-
dc.identifier.doi10.7717/peerj.15034-
dc.identifier.hkuros344751-
dc.identifier.volume11-
dc.identifier.eissn2167-8359-
dc.identifier.issnl2167-8359-

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