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Article: Immunogenicity of coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines in children: A review with ChatGPT
Title | Immunogenicity of coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines in children: A review with ChatGPT |
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Authors | |
Issue Date | 12-May-2023 |
Publisher | John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. |
Citation | Pediatric Discovery, 2023, v. 1, n. 1 How to Cite? |
Abstract | SARS-CoV-2 causes millions of infection cases and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related deaths worldwide. In addition to acute illnesses, children and adolescents suffer from post-infectious complications. Vaccination is a promising preventative treatment that can confer protection from these devastating outcomes. Utilizing ChatGPT, this review discusses the immunogenicity of mRNA and inactivated COVID-19 vaccines in children and adolescents. Rapid vaccine discovery during the COVID-19 pandemic led to the approval of the mRNA vaccines that stimulate potent antibody responses in pediatric population, and the younger age groups develop higher neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibody responses than those who are older. Natural infection induces weaker antibody responses than vaccination. Vaccine-induced humoral immunity decreases over time, as antibodies decline six months after the second dose. However, antibody avidity increases, which partly maintains neutralization and Fc-effector functions that provide more durable protection. Inactivated COVID-19 vaccines generate strong antibody responses in children and adolescents. They induce T cell responses against multiple structural protein antigens, although their neutralizing antibody responses appear weaker and wane more quickly than mRNA vaccines. Full-dose intradermal administration and heterologous prime-boost may improve the immunogenicity of inactivated vaccines. In children and adolescents, immune protection from the pre-Omicron variants of concern (VOCs) is maintained. Vaccination induces less antibody neutralization against the Omicron variant, but non-neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses persist. Hybrid immunity provides stronger immunogenicity against SARS-CoV-2 in the pediatric population. Future research must focus on long-term immunity, interaction with breakthrough reinfections, cross-reactivity against new VOCs, T cell immunogenicity and immunogenicity in young children. |
Persistent Identifier | http://hdl.handle.net/10722/329086 |
ISSN |
DC Field | Value | Language |
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dc.contributor.author | Leung, Daniel | - |
dc.contributor.author | Rosa Duque, Jaime | - |
dc.contributor.author | Tu, Wenwei | - |
dc.contributor.author | Lau, Yu Lung | - |
dc.date.accessioned | 2023-08-05T07:55:10Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2023-08-05T07:55:10Z | - |
dc.date.issued | 2023-05-12 | - |
dc.identifier.citation | Pediatric Discovery, 2023, v. 1, n. 1 | - |
dc.identifier.issn | 2835-5598 | - |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10722/329086 | - |
dc.description.abstract | <p>SARS-CoV-2 causes millions of infection cases and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related deaths worldwide. In addition to acute illnesses, children and adolescents suffer from post-infectious complications. Vaccination is a promising preventative treatment that can confer protection from these devastating outcomes. Utilizing ChatGPT, this review discusses the immunogenicity of mRNA and inactivated COVID-19 vaccines in children and adolescents. Rapid vaccine discovery during the COVID-19 pandemic led to the approval of the mRNA vaccines that stimulate potent antibody responses in pediatric population, and the younger age groups develop higher neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibody responses than those who are older. Natural infection induces weaker antibody responses than vaccination. Vaccine-induced humoral immunity decreases over time, as antibodies decline six months after the second dose. However, antibody avidity increases, which partly maintains neutralization and Fc-effector functions that provide more durable protection. Inactivated COVID-19 vaccines generate strong antibody responses in children and adolescents. They induce T cell responses against multiple structural protein antigens, although their neutralizing antibody responses appear weaker and wane more quickly than mRNA vaccines. Full-dose intradermal administration and heterologous prime-boost may improve the immunogenicity of inactivated vaccines. In children and adolescents, immune protection from the pre-Omicron variants of concern (VOCs) is maintained. Vaccination induces less antibody neutralization against the Omicron variant, but non-neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses persist. Hybrid immunity provides stronger immunogenicity against SARS-CoV-2 in the pediatric population. Future research must focus on long-term immunity, interaction with breakthrough reinfections, cross-reactivity against new VOCs, T cell immunogenicity and immunogenicity in young children.</p> | - |
dc.language | eng | - |
dc.publisher | John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. | - |
dc.relation.ispartof | Pediatric Discovery | - |
dc.rights | This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. | - |
dc.title | Immunogenicity of coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines in children: A review with ChatGPT | - |
dc.type | Article | - |
dc.description.nature | published_or_final_version | - |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1002/pdi3.8 | - |
dc.identifier.volume | 1 | - |
dc.identifier.issue | 1 | - |
dc.identifier.eissn | 2835-5598 | - |