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- Publisher Website: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00445
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Article: Learning, memory, and executive function in new MDMA users: A 2-year follow-up study
Title | Learning, memory, and executive function in new MDMA users: A 2-year follow-up study |
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Authors | |
Keywords | Cognition MDMA Verbal memory |
Issue Date | 2015 |
Citation | Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2015, v. 9, n. DEC, article no. 445 How to Cite? |
Abstract | 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is associated with changes in neurocognitive performance. Recent studies in laboratory animals have provided additional support for the neurodegeneration hypothesis. However, results from animal research need to be applied to humans with caution. Moreover, several of the studies that examine MDMA users suffer from methodological shortcomings. Therefore, a prospective cohort study was designed in order to overcome these previous methodological shortcomings and to assess the relationship between the continuing use of MDMA and cognitive performance in incipient MDMA users. It was hypothesized that, depending on the amount of MDMA taken, the continued use of MDMA over a 2-year period would lead to further decreases in cognitive performance, especially in visual paired association learning tasks. Ninety-six subjects were assessed, at the second follow-up assessment: 31 of these were non-users, 55 moderate-users, and 10 heavy-users. Separate repeated measures analyses of variance were conducted for each cognitive domain, including attention and information processing speed, episodic memory, and executive functioning. Furthermore, possible confounders including age, general intelligence, cannabis use, alcohol use, use of other concomitant substances, recent medical treatment, participation in sports, level of nutrition, sleep patterns, and subjective well-being were assessed. The Repeated measures analysis of variance (rANOVA) revealed that a marginally significant change in immediate and delayed recall test performances of visual paired associates learning had taken place within the follow-up period of 2 years. No further deterioration in continuing MDMA-users was observed in the second follow-up period. No significant differences with the other neuropsychological tests were noted. It seems that MDMA use can impair visual paired associates learning in new users. However, the groups differed in their use of concomitant use of illicit drugs. Therefore, performance differences between the groups cannot completely ascribed to the use of MDMA. |
Persistent Identifier | http://hdl.handle.net/10722/330383 |
ISSN | 2023 SCImago Journal Rankings: 1.063 |
ISI Accession Number ID |
DC Field | Value | Language |
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dc.contributor.author | Wagner, Daniel | - |
dc.contributor.author | Tkotz, Simon | - |
dc.contributor.author | Koester, Philip | - |
dc.contributor.author | Becker, Benjamin | - |
dc.contributor.author | Gouzoulis-Mayfrank, Euphrosyne | - |
dc.contributor.author | Daumann, Joerg | - |
dc.date.accessioned | 2023-09-05T12:10:06Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2023-09-05T12:10:06Z | - |
dc.date.issued | 2015 | - |
dc.identifier.citation | Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2015, v. 9, n. DEC, article no. 445 | - |
dc.identifier.issn | 1662-4548 | - |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10722/330383 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is associated with changes in neurocognitive performance. Recent studies in laboratory animals have provided additional support for the neurodegeneration hypothesis. However, results from animal research need to be applied to humans with caution. Moreover, several of the studies that examine MDMA users suffer from methodological shortcomings. Therefore, a prospective cohort study was designed in order to overcome these previous methodological shortcomings and to assess the relationship between the continuing use of MDMA and cognitive performance in incipient MDMA users. It was hypothesized that, depending on the amount of MDMA taken, the continued use of MDMA over a 2-year period would lead to further decreases in cognitive performance, especially in visual paired association learning tasks. Ninety-six subjects were assessed, at the second follow-up assessment: 31 of these were non-users, 55 moderate-users, and 10 heavy-users. Separate repeated measures analyses of variance were conducted for each cognitive domain, including attention and information processing speed, episodic memory, and executive functioning. Furthermore, possible confounders including age, general intelligence, cannabis use, alcohol use, use of other concomitant substances, recent medical treatment, participation in sports, level of nutrition, sleep patterns, and subjective well-being were assessed. The Repeated measures analysis of variance (rANOVA) revealed that a marginally significant change in immediate and delayed recall test performances of visual paired associates learning had taken place within the follow-up period of 2 years. No further deterioration in continuing MDMA-users was observed in the second follow-up period. No significant differences with the other neuropsychological tests were noted. It seems that MDMA use can impair visual paired associates learning in new users. However, the groups differed in their use of concomitant use of illicit drugs. Therefore, performance differences between the groups cannot completely ascribed to the use of MDMA. | - |
dc.language | eng | - |
dc.relation.ispartof | Frontiers in Neuroscience | - |
dc.subject | Cognition | - |
dc.subject | MDMA | - |
dc.subject | Verbal memory | - |
dc.title | Learning, memory, and executive function in new MDMA users: A 2-year follow-up study | - |
dc.type | Article | - |
dc.description.nature | link_to_subscribed_fulltext | - |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.3389/fnins.2015.00445 | - |
dc.identifier.scopus | eid_2-s2.0-84954534944 | - |
dc.identifier.volume | 9 | - |
dc.identifier.issue | DEC | - |
dc.identifier.spage | article no. 445 | - |
dc.identifier.epage | article no. 445 | - |
dc.identifier.eissn | 1662-453X | - |
dc.identifier.isi | WOS:000366725300001 | - |