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Article: Shedding light on rechargeable Na/Cl2 battery

TitleShedding light on rechargeable Na/Cl<inf>2</inf> battery
Authors
Keywordsbattery
chemistry
energy storage
material sciences
Issue Date2023
Citation
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2023, v. 120, n. 39, article no. e2310903120 How to Cite?
AbstractAdvancing new ideas of rechargeable batteries represents an important path to meeting the ever-increasing energy storage needs. Recently, we showed rechargeable sodium/ chlorine (Na/Cl2) (or lithium/chlorine Li/Cl2) batteries that used a Na (or Li) metal negative electrode, a microporous amorphous carbon nanosphere (aCNS) positive electrode, and an electrolyte containing dissolved aluminum chloride and fluoride additives in thionyl chloride [G. Zhu et al., Nature 596, 525–530 (2021) and G. Zhu et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 144, 22505–22513 (2022)]. The main battery redox reaction involved conversion between NaCl and Cl2 trapped in the carbon positive electrode, delivering a cyclable capacity of up to 1,200 mAh g−1 (based on positive electrode mass) at a ~3.5 V discharge voltage [G. Zhu et al., Nature 596, 525–530 (2021) and G. Zhu et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 144, 22505–22513 (2022)]. Here, we identified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) that upon charging a Na/Cl2 battery, chlorination of carbon in the positive electrode occurred to form carbon-chlorine (C-Cl) accompanied by molecular Cl2 infiltrating the porous aCNS, consistent with Cl2 probed by mass spectrometry. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction observed the development of graphitic ordering in the initially amorphous aCNS under battery charging when the carbon matrix was oxidized/chlorinated and infiltrated with Cl2. The C-Cl, Cl2 species and graphitic ordering were reversible upon discharge, accompanied by NaCl formation. The results revealed redox conversion between NaCl and Cl2, reversible graphitic ordering/amorphourization of carbon through battery charge/discharge, and probed trapped Cl2 in porous carbon by XPS.
Persistent Identifierhttp://hdl.handle.net/10722/334991
ISSN
2023 Impact Factor: 9.4
2023 SCImago Journal Rankings: 3.737
ISI Accession Number ID

 

DC FieldValueLanguage
dc.contributor.authorZhu, Guanzhou-
dc.contributor.authorLiang, Peng-
dc.contributor.authorHuang, Cheng Liang-
dc.contributor.authorWu, Shu Chi-
dc.contributor.authorHuang, Cheng Chia-
dc.contributor.authorLi, Yuan Yao-
dc.contributor.authorJiang, Shi Kai-
dc.contributor.authorHuang, Wei Hsiang-
dc.contributor.authorLi, Jiachen-
dc.contributor.authorWang, Feifei-
dc.contributor.authorHwang, Bing Joe-
dc.contributor.authorDai, Hongjie-
dc.date.accessioned2023-10-20T06:52:17Z-
dc.date.available2023-10-20T06:52:17Z-
dc.date.issued2023-
dc.identifier.citationProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2023, v. 120, n. 39, article no. e2310903120-
dc.identifier.issn0027-8424-
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10722/334991-
dc.description.abstractAdvancing new ideas of rechargeable batteries represents an important path to meeting the ever-increasing energy storage needs. Recently, we showed rechargeable sodium/ chlorine (Na/Cl2) (or lithium/chlorine Li/Cl2) batteries that used a Na (or Li) metal negative electrode, a microporous amorphous carbon nanosphere (aCNS) positive electrode, and an electrolyte containing dissolved aluminum chloride and fluoride additives in thionyl chloride [G. Zhu et al., Nature 596, 525–530 (2021) and G. Zhu et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 144, 22505–22513 (2022)]. The main battery redox reaction involved conversion between NaCl and Cl2 trapped in the carbon positive electrode, delivering a cyclable capacity of up to 1,200 mAh g−1 (based on positive electrode mass) at a ~3.5 V discharge voltage [G. Zhu et al., Nature 596, 525–530 (2021) and G. Zhu et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 144, 22505–22513 (2022)]. Here, we identified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) that upon charging a Na/Cl2 battery, chlorination of carbon in the positive electrode occurred to form carbon-chlorine (C-Cl) accompanied by molecular Cl2 infiltrating the porous aCNS, consistent with Cl2 probed by mass spectrometry. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction observed the development of graphitic ordering in the initially amorphous aCNS under battery charging when the carbon matrix was oxidized/chlorinated and infiltrated with Cl2. The C-Cl, Cl2 species and graphitic ordering were reversible upon discharge, accompanied by NaCl formation. The results revealed redox conversion between NaCl and Cl2, reversible graphitic ordering/amorphourization of carbon through battery charge/discharge, and probed trapped Cl2 in porous carbon by XPS.-
dc.languageeng-
dc.relation.ispartofProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America-
dc.subjectbattery-
dc.subjectchemistry-
dc.subjectenergy storage-
dc.subjectmaterial sciences-
dc.titleShedding light on rechargeable Na/Cl<inf>2</inf> battery-
dc.typeArticle-
dc.description.naturelink_to_subscribed_fulltext-
dc.identifier.doi10.1073/pnas.2310903120-
dc.identifier.pmid37729201-
dc.identifier.scopuseid_2-s2.0-85171811507-
dc.identifier.volume120-
dc.identifier.issue39-
dc.identifier.spagearticle no. e2310903120-
dc.identifier.epagearticle no. e2310903120-
dc.identifier.eissn1091-6490-
dc.identifier.isiWOS:001138930600004-

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