Neuropsychology and neurobiology of negative schizotypy: A selective review

Abstract

Schizotypy refers to a latent personality organization reflecting liability to schizophrenia. As schizotypy is a multidimensional construct, people with schizotypy can vary in behavioural and neurobiological features. This paper selectively reviews the neuropsychological and neurobiological profiles of people with schizotypy, with a focus on negative schizotypy. Empirical evidence for alterations of neuropsychological performance in negative schizotypy is presented. We also cover the Research Domain Criteria domains of positive valance, social process as well as sensorimotor system. Moreover, we systematically summarize the neurobiological correlates for negative schizotypy at the structural, resting-state and task-based neural levels, as well as the neurochemical level. The convergence and inconsistency of evidence are critically reviewed. For theoretical and clinical implications, we argue that negative schizotypy represents a useful organization framework to study neuropsychology and neurobiology across different psychiatric disorders.