Dosimetric analysis of brachial plexopathy after stereotactic body radiotherapy: Significance of organ delineation

Abstract

<h3>Objectives</h3><p>Examine the significance of contouring the brachial plexus (BP) for toxicity estimation and select metrics for predicting radiation-induced brachial plexopathy (RIBP) after stereotactic body radiotherapy.</p><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>Patients with planning target volume (PTV) ≤ 2 cm from the BP were eligible. The BP was contoured primarily according to the RTOG 1106 atlas, while subclavian-axillary veins (SAV) were contoured according to RTOG 0236. Apical PTVs were classified as anterior (PTV-A) or posterior (PTV-B) PTVs. Variables predicting grade 2 or higher RIBP (RIBP2) were selected through least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and logistic regression.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Among 137 patients with 140 BPs (median follow-up, 32.1 months), 11 experienced RIBP2. For patients with RIBP2, the maximum physical dose to the BP (BP-D_max) was 46.5 Gy (median; range, 35.7 to 60.7 Gy). Of these patients, 54.5 % (6/11) satisfied the RTOG limits when using SAV delineation; among them, 83.3 % (5/6) had PTV-B. For patients with PTV-B, the maximum physical dose to SAV (SAV-D_max) was 11.2 Gy (median) lower than BP-D_max. Maximum and 0.3 cc biologically effective doses to the BP based on the linear-quadratic-linear model (BP-BED_{max LQL} and BP-BED_{0.3cc LQL}, α/β = 3) were selected as predictive variables with thresholds of 118 and 73 Gy, respectively.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Contouring SAV may significantly underestimate the RIBP2 risk in dosimetry, especially for patients with PTV-B. BP contouring indicated BP-BED_{0.3cc LQL} and BP-BED_{max LQL} as potential predictors of RIBP2.</p>