Physician benzodiazepine self-use prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada: A population-level cohort study

Abstract

Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate physician benzodiazepine (BZD) self-use pre-COVID-19 pandemic and to examine changes in BZD self-use during the first year of the pandemic. Design Population-based retrospective cohort study using linked routinely collected administrative health data comparing the first year of the pandemic to the period before the pandemic. Setting Province of Ontario, Canada between March 2016 and March 2021. ParticipantsIntervention Onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020. Outcomes measures The primary outcome measure was the receipt of one or more prescriptions for BZD, which was captured via the Narcotics Monitoring System. Results In a cohort of 30 798 physicians (mean age 42, 47.8% women), we found that during the year before the pandemic, 4.4% of physicians had 1 or more BZD prescriptions. Older physicians (6.8% aged 50+ years), female physicians (5.1%) and physicians with a prior mental health (MH) diagnosis (12.4%) were more likely than younger (3.7% aged <50 years), male physicians (3.8%) and physicians without a prior MH diagnosis (2.9%) to have received 1 or more BZD prescriptions. The first year of the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a 10.5% decrease (adjusted OR (aOR) 0.85, 95% CI: 0.80 to 0.91) in the number of physicians with 1 or more BZD prescriptions compared with the year before the pandemic. Female physicians were less likely to reduce BZD self-use (aOR female =0.90, 95% CI: 0.83 to 0.98) compared with male physicians (aOR male =0.79, 95% CI: 0.72 to 0.87, p interaction =0.046 during the pandemic. Physicians presenting with an incident MH visit had higher odds of filling a BZD prescription during COVID-19 compared with the prior year. Conclusions Physicians' BZD prescriptions decreased during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada. These findings suggest that previously reported increases in mental distress and MH visits among physicians during the pandemic did not lead to greater self-use of BZDs.