Role of liver disease in management and outcomes of european and asian patients with atrial fibrillation: a report from two regional prospective observational AF registries

Abstract

<p>Background</p><p>In patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), the impact of liver disease (LD) on prescription of oral anticoagulant (OAC) therapy and risk of outcomes remains unclear, as well as possible differences between ethnicities.</p><p>Objective</p><p>To examine the impact of LD in a large cohort of European and Asian AF patients on OAC prescriptions and the risks of adverse outcomes.</p><p>Methods</p><p>AF patients derived from from two large prospective observational AF registries, conducted in Europe and Asia, on the basis of the same electronic case report form. OAC prescription and risk of outcomes was analyzed according to LD at baseline. The primary outcome was the composite of all-cause death and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). Logistic and Cox regression analyses were used to determine associations with LD, and interaction analyses were performed to examine possible differences between European and Asian patients.</p><p>Results</p><p>15,681 patients (mean age 69.0, SD 11.6 years; 38.7% female) were included, with 517 (3.3%) reporting LD. AF patients with LD were more likely permanent AF, symptomatic, higher thromboembolic and bleeding risks, and had higher multimorbidity, frailty and polypharmacy than those without LD. At baseline, AF patients with LD were less prescribed OAC, as well as with NOACs, than those without [Figure 1].</p><p>After adjustments, LD was associated with lower OAC prescription (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.53-0.84) overall. OAC was less likely prescribed in European (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.40-0.71) than in Asian (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.66-1.39) patients (pint=0.015). No differences were found regarding prescription of NOACs vs. VKAs [Figure 1].</p><p>Adjusted Cox regression found that LD was associated with a higher risk of composite outcome (HR 1.42, 95% CI 1.11-1.81) and MACEs (HR 1.47, 95% CI 1.07-2.02), with no ethnic differences (Pint=0.631 and Pint= 0.495 for composite outcome and MACEs respectively). LD patients not receiving OAC were at higher risk for MACEs occurrence than those prescribed (pint=0.050). No differences were found regarding major bleeding.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Presence of LD in AF is associated with a lower prescription of OAC, especially amongst European patients. LD is associated with a higher risk for adverse outcomes, especially in those not prescribed with OAC.</p>