Comparative analysis of inflight transmission of SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and SARS-CoV-1

Abstract

The aim of this study is to evaluate the infection risk of aircraft passengers seated within and beyond two rows of the index case(s) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus, and SARS-CoV-1. PubMed databases were searched for articles containing information on air travel-related transmission of SARS-CoV-2, influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus, and SARS-CoV-1 infections. We performed a meta-analysis of inflight infection data. In the eight flights where the attack rate could be calculated, the inflight SARS-CoV-2 attack rates ranged from 2.6% to 16.1%. The risk ratios of infection for passengers seated within and outside the two rows of the index cases were 5.64 (95% confidence interval (CI):1.94-16.40) in SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks, 4.26 (95% CI:1.08-16.81) in the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus outbreaks, and 1.91 (95% CI:0.80-4.55) in SARS-CoV-1 outbreaks. Furthermore, we found no significant difference between the attack rates of SARS-CoV-2 in flights where the passengers were wearing masks and those where they were not (p = 0.22). The spatial distribution of inflight SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks was more similar to that of the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus outbreaks than to that of SARS-CoV-1. Given the high proportion of asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic infection in SARS-CoV-2 transmission, we hypothesised that the proximity transmission, especially short-range airborne route, might play an important role in the inflight SARS-CoV-2 transmission.