Exploring the effect of self-compassion on body image among females in Hong Kong : conceptual model and efficacy of self-compassion journal writing

Abstract

Past evidence suggests that self-compassion is protective against body image-related distresses. Yet, the psychological underpinnings of its effects remain unclear. Study 1 was a cross-sectional study testing whether perceived sociocultural pressure to be thin and appearance-based social comparison mediate the relationship between self-compassion and body dissatisfaction. An online questionnaire was conducted on 316 Hong Kong females aged 18- 30 years. Results indicated that both perceived sociocultural pressure to be thin and appearance-based social comparison were significant partial mediators between self-compassion and body dissatisfaction. Study 2 built on the results of Study 1 and examined the effectiveness of a 7-day self-compassion journal intervention on reducing individuals’ body dissatisfaction through the two mediators. A total of 84 participants with moderate or above body shape concerns completed the randomized controlled trial. The efficacy of the self- compassion journal was not supported by the results, with no significant enhancement in self-compassion nor diminution in perceived sociocultural pressure to be thin, appearance- based social comparison, and body dissatisfaction found. Several limitations in the study’s design were raised and suggestions were proposed for future refinement. Despite the insignificant findings in the second part of the study, the current research offered insightful findings informing the mechanisms underlying the positive impact of self-compassion on body image. It also shed light upon the importance of addressing the two intermediaries in considering future intervention.