Shifting tides: recent advances in island and coastal human bioarchaeology

Abstract

<p>This talk examines the evolving landscape of human bioarchaeology, focusing on osteological and palaeopathological studies of coastal and island populations surrounding the Indian Ocean, Southeast Asia, and East Asia. Over the past fifteen years, significant advances have transformed our understanding of mobility, diet, physical activity, and health among ancient communities. By collating recent literature, key findings will illustrate: a) how ancient DNA analysis has complicated our knowledge of patterns in the region (e.g., Roopkund Lake), b) the importance of careful diagnosis regarding infectious diseases (e.g., treponemal diagnoses in Southeast Asia and signs of leprosy from Balathal), c) case studies of the bioarchaeology of care for disabled individuals (e.g., Metal Period Philippines), and d) the relationships between burial practices and embodied experiences among groups across the Pacific and Indian Oceans.</p><p>Human palaeopathology (and bioarchaeology overall) often overlooks island and coastal populations, due to biases favouring continental studies. This neglect results in incomplete health narratives and underrepresentation of unique patterns of health, disease and development. Emphasising collaboration, diverse perspectives and a decolonial approach are essential to addressing these gaps. Together, we may enrich our understanding of human evolution among these marginalised yet historically significant communities<br></p>