Developments and prospects of aqueous batteries

Abstract

Safety concerns present a significant challenge for conventional nonaqueous batteries. In contrast, aqueous batteries have emerged as an attractive alternative due to their nonflammable nature. These batteries offer affordability, tolerance against abusive operation, and environmental friendliness, further enhancing their suitability for large-scale energy storage. Over the past few years, aqueous batteries have demonstrated remarkable achievements in terms of higher energy density, faster rate capability, and long-term stability. This chapter commences with an exploration of the recent advancements in aqueous batteries employing diverse charge carriers, summarizing their key advantages and limitations. Furthermore, this chapter also addresses emerging challenges and provides perspectives on developing high-performance aqueous batteries.