Comparative Analysis of Chatbot Systems

Abstract

<p>Existing research on chatbot evaluation suffers from inconsistent assessment standards, fragmented criteria, and insufficient coverage of critical dimensions like legal compliance and ethical alignment, which hinders reliable benchmarking of chatbots’ performance. Our study proposes a comprehensive framework for such evaluation and systematically compares five chatbot systems: Tidio (Rule-Based), GPT-4o (AI-Powered), Claude 3.5 Sonnet (LLM), Watson Assistant (Enterprise), and Qwen2.5-Max (Multilingual) in terms of their accuracy, safety, legal compliance, generalizability of performance, and ethical alignment. We conclude that while chatbots enhance efficiency in healthcare (97.34% patient education completeness) and e-commerce (30%–40% cost reduction), critical limitations persist. Recommendations include: (1) retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) for hallucination reduction, (2) ethical governance frameworks (e.g., AILuminate), and (3) domain-specialized tuning. Cross-sector collaboration and standardized evaluations are essential for responsible deployment of AI.</p>