How have citities utilised planning policies to address housing shortages? : a comparative study of Hong Kong and Singapore

Abstract

This dissertation investigates how urban planning policies in Hong Kong and Singapore have addressed housing shortages, focusing on their comparative frameworks and outcomes. The study reveals that while both cities face significant challenges related to high population density and limited land, their approaches to housing supply differ markedly. Singapore's proactive, state-led model, exemplified by the Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA), has successfully provided affordable housing to a substantial portion of its population, fostering social cohesion and stability. In contrast, Hong Kong's reactive planning system, characterized by political decentralization and market-driven development, has resulted in chronic housing shortages and escalating property prices. This research employs a mixed-methods approach, including descriptive and comparative analyses, to highlight best practices and identify gaps within Hong Kong's planning policies. Key recommendations for reform include instituting mandatory plan reviews, expanding public housing initiatives, and enhancing public engagement in decision-making processes. By adapting successful strategies from Singapore while considering its unique governance context, Hong Kong can develop a more effective and equitable framework for addressing its housing crisis. Ultimately, this study underscores the importance of long-term strategic planning and public-private collaboration to create sustainable urban environments that meet residents' needs.