A new insight on the effects of iron oxides and dissimilated metal-reducing bacteria on CH4 emissions in constructed wetland matrix systems

Abstract

Iron oxides and dissimilated metal-reducing bacteria (DMRB) have been reported to result in a reduction in methane (CH<inf>4</inf>) emissions in constructed wetlands (CWs), but their mechanisms on CH<inf>4</inf> production and oxidation remains unclear. Here, a set of CW matrix systems (Control, Fe-CWs, and FeB-CWs) was established to analyze the CH<inf>4</inf> emission reduction from various angles, including the valencies of iron, microbial community structure and enzyme activity. The results revealed that the addition of iron oxides promoted the electron transfer between methanogens and Geobacter to promote CH<inf>4</inf> production, but it was interesting that iron oxides also reduced the enzymes involved in the carbon dioxide (CO<inf>2</inf>) reduction pathway and promoted the enzymes that participated in anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) thereby leading to the overall reduction in CH<inf>4</inf> emissions. Moreover, DMRB could promote iron reduction thereby further reducing CH<inf>4</inf> emissions by promoting AOM and competing with methanogens for organic substrates.