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Article: Locoregional therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma: A critical review from the surgeon's perspective

TitleLocoregional therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma: A critical review from the surgeon's perspective
Authors
Issue Date2002
PublisherLippincott Williams & Wilkins. The Journal's web site is located at http://www.annalsofsurgery.com
Citation
Annals of Surgery, 2002, v. 235 n. 4, p. 466-486 How to Cite?
AbstractObjective: This article reviews the current results of various locoregional therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with special reference to the implications for surgeons. Summary Background Data: Resection or transplantation is the treatment of choice for HCC, but most patients are not suitable candidates. The past decade has witnessed the development of a variety of locoregional therapies for HCC. Surgeons are faced with the challenge of adopting these therapies in the management of patients with resectable or unresectable HCC. Methods: A review of relevant English-language articles was undertaken based on a Medline search from January 1990 to August 2001. Results: Retrospective studies suggested that transarterial chemoembolization is an effective treatment for inoperable HCC, but its perceived benefit for survival has not been substantiated in randomized trials, presumably because its antitumor effect is offset by its adverse effect on liver function. Nonetheless, it remains a widely used palliative treatment for HCC not amenable to resection or ablative therapies, and it also plays an important role as a treatment of postresection recurrence and as a pretransplant therapy for transplantable HCC. Better patient selection, selective segmental chemoembolization, and treatment repetition tailored to tumor response and patient tolerance may improve its benefit-risk ratio. Transarterial radiotherapy is a less available alternative that produces results similar to those of chemoembolization. Percutaneous ethanol injection has gained wide acceptance as a safe and effective treatment for HCCs 3 cm or smaller. Uncertainty in tumor necrosis limits its potential as a curative treatment, but its repeatability allows treatment of recurrence after ablation or resection of HCC that is crucial to prolongation of survival. Cryotherapy affords a better chance of cure because of predictable necrosis even for HCCs larger than 3 cm, but its use is limited by a high complication rate. There has been recent enthusiasm for heat ablation by microwave, radiofrequency, or laser, which provides predictable necrosis with a low complication rate. Preliminary data indicated that radiofrequency ablation is superior to ethanol injection in the radicality of tumor ablation. The advent of more versatile radiofrequency probes has allowed ablation of HCCs larger than 5 cm. Recent studies have suggested that combined transarterial embolization and heat ablation is a promising strategy for large HCCs. Thus far, no randomized trials comparing various thermoablative therapies have been reported. It is also uncertain whether a percutaneous route, laparoscopy, or open surgery affords the best approach for these therapies. Thermoablative therapies have been combined with resection or used to treat postresection recurrence, and they have also been used as a pretransplant therapy. However, the value of such strategies requires further evaluation. Conclusions: Advances in locoregional therapies have led to a major break-through in the management of unresectable HCC, but the exact role of the various modalities needs to be defined by randomized studies. Novel thermoablative techniques provide the surgeon with an exciting opportunity to participate actively in the management of unresectable HCC. Locoregional therapies are also useful adjuncts in the management of patients with resectable or transplantable disease. Hence, surgeons must be equipped with the latest knowledge and techniques of ablative therapy to provide the most appropriate treatment for the wide spectrum of patients with HCC.
Persistent Identifierhttp://hdl.handle.net/10722/49116
ISSN
2023 Impact Factor: 7.5
2023 SCImago Journal Rankings: 2.729
PubMed Central ID
ISI Accession Number ID
References

 

DC FieldValueLanguage
dc.contributor.authorPoon, RTPen_HK
dc.contributor.authorFan, STen_HK
dc.contributor.authorTsang, FHFen_HK
dc.contributor.authorWong, Jen_HK
dc.date.accessioned2008-06-12T06:34:46Z-
dc.date.available2008-06-12T06:34:46Z-
dc.date.issued2002en_HK
dc.identifier.citationAnnals of Surgery, 2002, v. 235 n. 4, p. 466-486en_HK
dc.identifier.issn0003-4932en_HK
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10722/49116-
dc.description.abstractObjective: This article reviews the current results of various locoregional therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with special reference to the implications for surgeons. Summary Background Data: Resection or transplantation is the treatment of choice for HCC, but most patients are not suitable candidates. The past decade has witnessed the development of a variety of locoregional therapies for HCC. Surgeons are faced with the challenge of adopting these therapies in the management of patients with resectable or unresectable HCC. Methods: A review of relevant English-language articles was undertaken based on a Medline search from January 1990 to August 2001. Results: Retrospective studies suggested that transarterial chemoembolization is an effective treatment for inoperable HCC, but its perceived benefit for survival has not been substantiated in randomized trials, presumably because its antitumor effect is offset by its adverse effect on liver function. Nonetheless, it remains a widely used palliative treatment for HCC not amenable to resection or ablative therapies, and it also plays an important role as a treatment of postresection recurrence and as a pretransplant therapy for transplantable HCC. Better patient selection, selective segmental chemoembolization, and treatment repetition tailored to tumor response and patient tolerance may improve its benefit-risk ratio. Transarterial radiotherapy is a less available alternative that produces results similar to those of chemoembolization. Percutaneous ethanol injection has gained wide acceptance as a safe and effective treatment for HCCs 3 cm or smaller. Uncertainty in tumor necrosis limits its potential as a curative treatment, but its repeatability allows treatment of recurrence after ablation or resection of HCC that is crucial to prolongation of survival. Cryotherapy affords a better chance of cure because of predictable necrosis even for HCCs larger than 3 cm, but its use is limited by a high complication rate. There has been recent enthusiasm for heat ablation by microwave, radiofrequency, or laser, which provides predictable necrosis with a low complication rate. Preliminary data indicated that radiofrequency ablation is superior to ethanol injection in the radicality of tumor ablation. The advent of more versatile radiofrequency probes has allowed ablation of HCCs larger than 5 cm. Recent studies have suggested that combined transarterial embolization and heat ablation is a promising strategy for large HCCs. Thus far, no randomized trials comparing various thermoablative therapies have been reported. It is also uncertain whether a percutaneous route, laparoscopy, or open surgery affords the best approach for these therapies. Thermoablative therapies have been combined with resection or used to treat postresection recurrence, and they have also been used as a pretransplant therapy. However, the value of such strategies requires further evaluation. Conclusions: Advances in locoregional therapies have led to a major break-through in the management of unresectable HCC, but the exact role of the various modalities needs to be defined by randomized studies. Novel thermoablative techniques provide the surgeon with an exciting opportunity to participate actively in the management of unresectable HCC. Locoregional therapies are also useful adjuncts in the management of patients with resectable or transplantable disease. Hence, surgeons must be equipped with the latest knowledge and techniques of ablative therapy to provide the most appropriate treatment for the wide spectrum of patients with HCC.en_HK
dc.format.extent388 bytes-
dc.format.mimetypetext/html-
dc.languageengen_HK
dc.publisherLippincott Williams & Wilkins. The Journal's web site is located at http://www.annalsofsurgery.comen_HK
dc.relation.ispartofAnnals of Surgeryen_HK
dc.subject.meshAttitude of Health Personnelen_HK
dc.subject.meshCarcinoma, Hepatocellular - diagnosis - therapyen_HK
dc.subject.meshLiver Neoplasms - diagnosis - therapyen_HK
dc.subject.meshHumansen_HK
dc.titleLocoregional therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma: A critical review from the surgeon's perspectiveen_HK
dc.typeArticleen_HK
dc.identifier.emailPoon, RTP: poontp@hku.hken_HK
dc.identifier.emailFan, ST: stfan@hku.hken_HK
dc.identifier.emailWong, J: jwong@hkucc.hku.hken_HK
dc.identifier.authorityPoon, RTP=rp00446en_HK
dc.identifier.authorityFan, ST=rp00355en_HK
dc.identifier.authorityWong, J=rp00322en_HK
dc.description.naturelink_to_OA_fulltexten_HK
dc.identifier.doi10.1097/00000658-200204000-00004en_HK
dc.identifier.pmid11923602-
dc.identifier.pmcidPMC1422461en_HK
dc.identifier.scopuseid_2-s2.0-0036208524en_HK
dc.identifier.hkuros68700-
dc.relation.referenceshttp://www.scopus.com/mlt/select.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036208524&selection=ref&src=s&origin=recordpageen_HK
dc.identifier.volume235en_HK
dc.identifier.issue4en_HK
dc.identifier.spage466en_HK
dc.identifier.epage486en_HK
dc.identifier.isiWOS:000174802500004-
dc.publisher.placeUnited Statesen_HK
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridPoon, RTP=7103097223en_HK
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridFan, ST=7402678224en_HK
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridTsang, FHF=7003264965en_HK
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridWong, J=8049324500en_HK
dc.identifier.issnl0003-4932-

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