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Article: Comparison of allograft to autograft in multilevel anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with rigid plate fixation

TitleComparison of allograft to autograft in multilevel anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with rigid plate fixation
Authors
KeywordsAnterior cervical discectomy and fusion
End plate
Fusion rate
Outcome
Plating
Segmental fixation
Smoking
Work-related injuries
Issue Date2003
PublisherElsevier BV. The Journal's web site is located at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/spinee
Citation
Spine Journal, 2003, v. 3 n. 6, p. 451-459 How to Cite?
AbstractBackground context: A relatively high pseudarthrosis rate is associated with multilevel anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). Anterior plate fixation increases fusion rate in multilevel ACDF. A debate still exists between the effectiveness of allograft versus autograft in plated multilevel ACDF. Purpose: To determine the efficacy of allograft versus autograft in fusion rate and clinical outcome in patients undergoing two- and three-level ACDFs with rigid anterior plate fixation. Study design: A retrospective radiographic and clinical review to assess fusion, risk factors and clinical outcome of 80 consecutive patients who underwent ACDF with rigid anterior plate fixation involving two and three levels with either allograft or autograft. Patient sample: There were 45 patients (56%) who had autogenous iliac crest tricortical grafts and 35 patients (44%) who received tricortical allograft with an average age of 49 years who were treated by multilevel ACDF with rigid anterior plate fixation at a single institution. Thirty-three Peak polyaxial (Depuy-Acromed, Rayham, MA), 26 Orion (Sofamor-Danek, Memphis, TN), 16 Atlantis (Sofamor-Danek, Memphis, TN) and 5 Synthes (Paoli, PA) anterior cervical plating systems were used. All patients underwent ACDF (61 two-level, 19 three-level) by a Smith Robinson technique. All patients had burring of the end plates, 2-mm distraction of the motion segment and graft countersunk 2 mm from the anterior vertebral border. Anterior cervical plate with unicortical screw purchase was used in all cases. Segmental screw fixation was performed in 46 patients. Soft collars were worn postoperatively for 3 to 4 weeks. Outcome measures: Follow-up lateral neutral, flexion and extension radiographs were used to assess fusion. The radiographs were reviewed by an independent blinded observer in assessing fusion grades between autograft versus allograft. Clinical outcomes were rated excellent, good, fair and poor based on Odom's criteria. Methods: Fusion rate and postoperative clinical outcome were assessed in 80 patients who underwent two- or three-level ACDF with rigid anterior plate fixation. Additional risk factors were also analyzed. Results: Radiographic fusion was assessed in all patients (mean, 16 months). Seventy-eight patients (97.5%) achieved solid arthrodesis. Pseudarthrosis occurred in two patients who had allograft for two-level and three-level fusions. Nonsegmental screws were used in the two-level nonunion case. Postoperative dysphagia developed in one two-level nonunion patient, and revision surgery was performed in the other nonunion three-level patient. Twenty-three patients were smokers, and 26 patients had work-related injuries. Clinical outcome (mean, 20 months) was excellent in 23, good in 48 and fair in 9 patients. No statistical significance was noted between demographics, history of tobacco use, graft-type, end plate preparation technique, intermediate segmental screws, plate-type, clinical outcome of fused and nonfused patients and presence of work-related injuries (p > .05). Conclusions: A high fusion rate of 97.5% was obtained for multilevel ACDF with rigid plating with either autograft or allograft. In this study, nonunion occurred in patients with allograft but this difference was not statistically significant. Fusion was obtained in 97.8% of patients with segmental screw fixation and 97.1% with nonsegmental screw fixation. Nonsegmental screw fixation may contribute to less than adequate stability and contribute to a higher rate of nonunion, but such effects could not be discerned from this study. Excellent and good clinical outcome was noted in 88.8% of the patients. Proper patient selection and meticulous operative technique is essential to obtain high fusion rates and optimal clinical outcome, which is more important than graft type. © 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Persistent Identifierhttp://hdl.handle.net/10722/92934
ISSN
2023 Impact Factor: 4.9
2023 SCImago Journal Rankings: 1.804
References

 

DC FieldValueLanguage
dc.contributor.authorSamartzis, Den_HK
dc.contributor.authorShen, FHen_HK
dc.contributor.authorMatthews, DKen_HK
dc.contributor.authorYoon, STen_HK
dc.contributor.authorGoldberg, EJen_HK
dc.contributor.authorAn, HSen_HK
dc.date.accessioned2010-09-22T05:04:14Z-
dc.date.available2010-09-22T05:04:14Z-
dc.date.issued2003en_HK
dc.identifier.citationSpine Journal, 2003, v. 3 n. 6, p. 451-459en_HK
dc.identifier.issn1529-9430en_HK
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10722/92934-
dc.description.abstractBackground context: A relatively high pseudarthrosis rate is associated with multilevel anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). Anterior plate fixation increases fusion rate in multilevel ACDF. A debate still exists between the effectiveness of allograft versus autograft in plated multilevel ACDF. Purpose: To determine the efficacy of allograft versus autograft in fusion rate and clinical outcome in patients undergoing two- and three-level ACDFs with rigid anterior plate fixation. Study design: A retrospective radiographic and clinical review to assess fusion, risk factors and clinical outcome of 80 consecutive patients who underwent ACDF with rigid anterior plate fixation involving two and three levels with either allograft or autograft. Patient sample: There were 45 patients (56%) who had autogenous iliac crest tricortical grafts and 35 patients (44%) who received tricortical allograft with an average age of 49 years who were treated by multilevel ACDF with rigid anterior plate fixation at a single institution. Thirty-three Peak polyaxial (Depuy-Acromed, Rayham, MA), 26 Orion (Sofamor-Danek, Memphis, TN), 16 Atlantis (Sofamor-Danek, Memphis, TN) and 5 Synthes (Paoli, PA) anterior cervical plating systems were used. All patients underwent ACDF (61 two-level, 19 three-level) by a Smith Robinson technique. All patients had burring of the end plates, 2-mm distraction of the motion segment and graft countersunk 2 mm from the anterior vertebral border. Anterior cervical plate with unicortical screw purchase was used in all cases. Segmental screw fixation was performed in 46 patients. Soft collars were worn postoperatively for 3 to 4 weeks. Outcome measures: Follow-up lateral neutral, flexion and extension radiographs were used to assess fusion. The radiographs were reviewed by an independent blinded observer in assessing fusion grades between autograft versus allograft. Clinical outcomes were rated excellent, good, fair and poor based on Odom's criteria. Methods: Fusion rate and postoperative clinical outcome were assessed in 80 patients who underwent two- or three-level ACDF with rigid anterior plate fixation. Additional risk factors were also analyzed. Results: Radiographic fusion was assessed in all patients (mean, 16 months). Seventy-eight patients (97.5%) achieved solid arthrodesis. Pseudarthrosis occurred in two patients who had allograft for two-level and three-level fusions. Nonsegmental screws were used in the two-level nonunion case. Postoperative dysphagia developed in one two-level nonunion patient, and revision surgery was performed in the other nonunion three-level patient. Twenty-three patients were smokers, and 26 patients had work-related injuries. Clinical outcome (mean, 20 months) was excellent in 23, good in 48 and fair in 9 patients. No statistical significance was noted between demographics, history of tobacco use, graft-type, end plate preparation technique, intermediate segmental screws, plate-type, clinical outcome of fused and nonfused patients and presence of work-related injuries (p > .05). Conclusions: A high fusion rate of 97.5% was obtained for multilevel ACDF with rigid plating with either autograft or allograft. In this study, nonunion occurred in patients with allograft but this difference was not statistically significant. Fusion was obtained in 97.8% of patients with segmental screw fixation and 97.1% with nonsegmental screw fixation. Nonsegmental screw fixation may contribute to less than adequate stability and contribute to a higher rate of nonunion, but such effects could not be discerned from this study. Excellent and good clinical outcome was noted in 88.8% of the patients. Proper patient selection and meticulous operative technique is essential to obtain high fusion rates and optimal clinical outcome, which is more important than graft type. © 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.en_HK
dc.languageengen_HK
dc.publisherElsevier BV. The Journal's web site is located at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/spineeen_HK
dc.relation.ispartofSpine Journalen_HK
dc.subjectAnterior cervical discectomy and fusionen_HK
dc.subjectEnd plateen_HK
dc.subjectFusion rateen_HK
dc.subjectOutcomeen_HK
dc.subjectPlatingen_HK
dc.subjectSegmental fixationen_HK
dc.subjectSmokingen_HK
dc.subjectWork-related injuriesen_HK
dc.titleComparison of allograft to autograft in multilevel anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with rigid plate fixationen_HK
dc.typeArticleen_HK
dc.identifier.emailSamartzis, D:dspine@hku.hken_HK
dc.identifier.authoritySamartzis, D=rp01430en_HK
dc.description.naturelink_to_subscribed_fulltext-
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/S1529-9430(03)00173-6en_HK
dc.identifier.pmid14609689-
dc.identifier.scopuseid_2-s2.0-0242319089en_HK
dc.relation.referenceshttp://www.scopus.com/mlt/select.url?eid=2-s2.0-0242319089&selection=ref&src=s&origin=recordpageen_HK
dc.identifier.volume3en_HK
dc.identifier.issue6en_HK
dc.identifier.spage451en_HK
dc.identifier.epage459en_HK
dc.publisher.placeNetherlandsen_HK
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridSamartzis, D=34572771100en_HK
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridShen, FH=7201583245en_HK
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridMatthews, DK=36830286100en_HK
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridYoon, ST=7404036396en_HK
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridGoldberg, EJ=7202029821en_HK
dc.identifier.scopusauthoridAn, HS=7202277351en_HK
dc.identifier.issnl1529-9430-

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