From Principles to Consequences: Addressing the Unethical Epidemic of Disparities

Abstract

The Kantian liberal tradition reasons that disparities are unethical. Paul VI’s Populorum progressio and Benedict XVI’s Caritas in veritate appeal to look beyond reason alone in understanding the true cause of suffering as poverty in spirit and in relationships. Rawls’ maximin approach further buttresses the Catholic focus on the last, the least (and the lost). These well-rehearsed assertions however concern rights and goodness as primary goals. In real politik, consequences often matter more. Empirically we have measured and observed the toxicity of absolute, relative and relational poverty to health in Hong Kong over time and across population groups. Despite our universally accessible health care system, Tudor Hart’s inverse care law still operates. The case for social action based on public health grounds is clear.