Psychometric validation of the adapted Traditional Chinese version of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire (JOABPEQ)

Abstract

Background: Low back pain is a common health problem encountered by various populations among different countries. This prospective study aimed to translate and cross-culturally adapt the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire (JOABPEQ) into Traditional Chinese and to assess its validity, reliability and sensitivity in Chinese patients experiencing low back pain. Methods: Double forward and single back translation of the JOABPEQ was performed with cross-cultural adaptation. By convenience sampling, the final version of the translated JOABPEQ was administered to Chinese patients attending a specialty outpatient clinic with a history of back pain, followed by the traditional Chinese versions of Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Short Form-12 version 2 (SF-12v2). Construct validity of the domains were assessed using Spearman's correlation test. Internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach's alpha (α). Sensitivity of the adapted JOABPEQ was determined by known group comparisons. Results: A total of 100 patients were recruited. The translated JOABPEQ demonstrated excellent overall internal consistency (α: 0.912); and good internal consistency for the domains of Lumbar Function, Walking Ability, Social Life Function and Mental Health (α: 0.811, 0.808, 0.788, and 0.827 respectively). Scores of all domains of the translated JOABPEQ had significant correlations (p < 0.01) with ODI at all domains, as well as with almost all domains of SF-12v2 (p < 0.01–0.05). The translated JOABPEQ was sensitive in detecting differences in patients with/without a history of previous spine surgery, and also between patients with acute/acute on chronic versus chronic pain in specific domains. Conclusions: The Traditional Chinese version of JOABPEQ has satisfactory psychometric properties in general, including adequate clinical and construct validity, and internal consistency in assessing Southern-Chinese patients with low back pain. It is demonstrated as a sensitive outcome measure. The translated JOABPEQ is verified for its use in the local clinical setting for patient assessment and future research.