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Article: Shadow Education in Europe: Growing Prevalence, Underlying Forces, and Policy Implications
Title | Shadow Education in Europe: Growing Prevalence, Underlying Forces, and Policy Implications |
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Authors | |
Keywords | Europe market forces policies privatization private tutoring |
Issue Date | 2020 |
Publisher | Sage, published in association with East China Normal University. The Journal's web site is located at https://journals.sagepub.com/home/roe |
Citation | ECNU Review of Education, 2020, Epub 2020-01-13 How to Cite? |
Abstract | Purpose: Private supplementary tutoring, widely known as shadow education, has long been visible in East Asia, and now has spread to other parts of the world including Europe. This article maps the phenomenon, showing variations within Europe and analyzing its growth, underlying forces, and policy implications. Design/Approach/Methods: The article assembles a regional picture from available national sources. It focuses on the 28 members of the European Union. Findings: Within Europe, four sub-regions may be identified. Most prominent for the longest duration has been Southern Europe, pushed by political forces and cultural factors. In Eastern Europe, shadow education became prominent following the collapse of the Soviet Union and accompanying economic and social structures during which teachers and others had to earn extra incomes. In Western Europe, the advent of marketization alongside government schooling has fueled the growth of shadow education. Only in Northern Europe does shadow education remain modest in scale, but it is growing there too. Originality/Value: The article identifies forces underlying the growth of shadow education in Europe, and highlights policy implications. By contributing this regional perspective to the wider literature on shadow education, the article permits juxtaposition with patterns in East Asia and elsewhere. |
Persistent Identifier | http://hdl.handle.net/10722/295220 |
ISSN | 2023 Impact Factor: 2.7 2023 SCImago Journal Rankings: 0.611 |
ISI Accession Number ID |
DC Field | Value | Language |
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dc.contributor.author | Bray, M | - |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-01-11T13:57:02Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2021-01-11T13:57:02Z | - |
dc.date.issued | 2020 | - |
dc.identifier.citation | ECNU Review of Education, 2020, Epub 2020-01-13 | - |
dc.identifier.issn | 2096-5311 | - |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10722/295220 | - |
dc.description.abstract | Purpose: Private supplementary tutoring, widely known as shadow education, has long been visible in East Asia, and now has spread to other parts of the world including Europe. This article maps the phenomenon, showing variations within Europe and analyzing its growth, underlying forces, and policy implications. Design/Approach/Methods: The article assembles a regional picture from available national sources. It focuses on the 28 members of the European Union. Findings: Within Europe, four sub-regions may be identified. Most prominent for the longest duration has been Southern Europe, pushed by political forces and cultural factors. In Eastern Europe, shadow education became prominent following the collapse of the Soviet Union and accompanying economic and social structures during which teachers and others had to earn extra incomes. In Western Europe, the advent of marketization alongside government schooling has fueled the growth of shadow education. Only in Northern Europe does shadow education remain modest in scale, but it is growing there too. Originality/Value: The article identifies forces underlying the growth of shadow education in Europe, and highlights policy implications. By contributing this regional perspective to the wider literature on shadow education, the article permits juxtaposition with patterns in East Asia and elsewhere. | - |
dc.language | eng | - |
dc.publisher | Sage, published in association with East China Normal University. The Journal's web site is located at https://journals.sagepub.com/home/roe | - |
dc.relation.ispartof | ECNU Review of Education | - |
dc.rights | This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. | - |
dc.subject | Europe | - |
dc.subject | market forces | - |
dc.subject | policies | - |
dc.subject | privatization | - |
dc.subject | private tutoring | - |
dc.title | Shadow Education in Europe: Growing Prevalence, Underlying Forces, and Policy Implications | - |
dc.type | Article | - |
dc.identifier.email | Bray, M: mbray@hkucc.hku.hk | - |
dc.identifier.authority | Bray, M=rp00888 | - |
dc.description.nature | published_or_final_version | - |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1177/2096531119890142 | - |
dc.identifier.scopus | eid_2-s2.0-85087086583 | - |
dc.identifier.hkuros | 320867 | - |
dc.identifier.volume | Epub 2020-01-13 | - |
dc.identifier.isi | WOS:001098398000002 | - |
dc.publisher.place | China | - |