The Murder Death of Pang Hwa-il

Abstract

<p>This article examines one of the first court martials of a US soldier for the murder of a Korean civilian. In December 1951, Pang Hwa-il died from injuries sustained during a late-night search of a home he was visiting by four American soldiers. Many acts of violence perpetrated by the US military against Korean civilians like Pang during the Korean War went unaccounted for. However, his death would receive public attention in the United States because he was the associate general secretary of the Korean National Council of Churches. Responding to public pressure, the US military eventually started an investigation approximately two months after the incident took place. By examining the circumstances surrounding Pang’s murder, the subsequent trial, and its aftermath, this article challenges a standard characterization of the relationship among missionaries, Korean Protestants, and the US military during the 1950s as a close partnership. The American government, the military, and missionaries had all carefully cultivated a narrative that the US and a Christian South Korea were allies against communism. However, Pang, a Korean Christian leader, was killed by a US soldier, not a communist enemy. Furthermore, the US military’s initial delay in bringing Pang’s assailants to trial and the light sentence that was handed down was shocking to both Korean and American observers. As this incident reveals, the US military valued the lives of its’ Korean allies less than American lives.</p>