Features of spondyloarthritis around the World

Abstract

Interactions between genetic and environmental factors are important in the pathogenesis of spondyloarthropathies. Studies on these conditions in different racial groups provide further useful insights into the relative importance of these factors. Evidence accrued so far has confirmed that human leukocyte antigen B27 is a major player in the development of these conditions. Other genetic factors, however, may have modifying effects on the onset and clinical presentation of spondyloarthropathies in these patients. The importance of environmental factors in the pathogenesis of syondyloarthropathies, particularly microbial infections that involve the gastrointestinal tract, is exemplified by studies from Africa, Mexico, and Asia. Lately, the human immunodeficiency virus also has been suggested to cause an increase in incidence of spondyloarthritis in epidemic areas such as Africa and Southeast Asia.