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Article: Chronic mild stress paradigm as a rat model of depression: facts, artifacts, and future perspectives

TitleChronic mild stress paradigm as a rat model of depression: facts, artifacts, and future perspectives
Authors
KeywordsChronic mild stress (CMS)
Depression
Sucrose test
Anhedonia
Forced swimming
Issue Date2022
PublisherSpringer Verlag. The Journal's web site is located at http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00213/index.htm
Citation
Psychopharmacology, 2022, v. 239 n. 3, p. 663-693 How to Cite?
AbstractRationale: The chronic mild stress (CMS) paradigm was first described almost 40 years ago and has become a widely used model in the search for antidepressant drugs for major depression disorder (MDD). It has resulted in the publication of almost 1700 studies in rats alone. Under the original CMS procedure, the expression of an anhedonic response, a key symptom of depression, was seen as an essential feature of both the model and a depressive state. The prolonged exposure of rodents to unpredictable/uncontrollable mild stressors leads to a reduction in the intake of palatable liquids, behavioral despair, locomotor inhibition, anxiety-like changes, and vegetative (somatic) abnormalities. Many of the CMS studies do report these patterns of behaviors, and they often fail to include consistent molecular, neuroanatomical, and physiological phenotypes of CMS-exposed animals. Objectives: To critically review the CMS studies in rats so that conceptual and methodological flaws can be avoided in future studies. Results: Analysis of the literature supports the validity of the CMS model and its impact on the field. However, further improvements could be achieved by (i) the stratification of animals into ‘resilient’ and ‘susceptible’ cohorts within the CMS animals, (ii) the use of more refined protocols in the sucrose test to mitigate physiological and physical artifacts, and (iii) the systematic evaluation of the non-specific effects of CMS and implementation of appropriate adjustments within the behavioral tests. Conclusions: We propose methodological revisions and the use of more advanced behavioral tests to refine the rat CMS paradigm, which offers a valuable tool for developing new antidepressant medications.
Persistent Identifierhttp://hdl.handle.net/10722/308199
ISSN
2023 Impact Factor: 3.5
2023 SCImago Journal Rankings: 1.053
ISI Accession Number ID

 

DC FieldValueLanguage
dc.contributor.authorStrekalova, T-
dc.contributor.authorLIU, Y-
dc.contributor.authorKiselev, D-
dc.contributor.authorMUHAMMAD SHARAFUDDIN BIN, MK-
dc.contributor.authorChiu, JLY-
dc.contributor.authorLam, J-
dc.contributor.authorChan, YS-
dc.contributor.authorPavlov, D-
dc.contributor.authorProshin, A-
dc.contributor.authorLesch, KP-
dc.contributor.authorAnthony, DC-
dc.contributor.authorLim, LW-
dc.date.accessioned2021-11-12T13:43:52Z-
dc.date.available2021-11-12T13:43:52Z-
dc.date.issued2022-
dc.identifier.citationPsychopharmacology, 2022, v. 239 n. 3, p. 663-693-
dc.identifier.issn0033-3158-
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10722/308199-
dc.description.abstractRationale: The chronic mild stress (CMS) paradigm was first described almost 40 years ago and has become a widely used model in the search for antidepressant drugs for major depression disorder (MDD). It has resulted in the publication of almost 1700 studies in rats alone. Under the original CMS procedure, the expression of an anhedonic response, a key symptom of depression, was seen as an essential feature of both the model and a depressive state. The prolonged exposure of rodents to unpredictable/uncontrollable mild stressors leads to a reduction in the intake of palatable liquids, behavioral despair, locomotor inhibition, anxiety-like changes, and vegetative (somatic) abnormalities. Many of the CMS studies do report these patterns of behaviors, and they often fail to include consistent molecular, neuroanatomical, and physiological phenotypes of CMS-exposed animals. Objectives: To critically review the CMS studies in rats so that conceptual and methodological flaws can be avoided in future studies. Results: Analysis of the literature supports the validity of the CMS model and its impact on the field. However, further improvements could be achieved by (i) the stratification of animals into ‘resilient’ and ‘susceptible’ cohorts within the CMS animals, (ii) the use of more refined protocols in the sucrose test to mitigate physiological and physical artifacts, and (iii) the systematic evaluation of the non-specific effects of CMS and implementation of appropriate adjustments within the behavioral tests. Conclusions: We propose methodological revisions and the use of more advanced behavioral tests to refine the rat CMS paradigm, which offers a valuable tool for developing new antidepressant medications.-
dc.languageeng-
dc.publisherSpringer Verlag. The Journal's web site is located at http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00213/index.htm-
dc.relation.ispartofPsychopharmacology-
dc.rightsThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.-
dc.subjectChronic mild stress (CMS)-
dc.subjectDepression-
dc.subjectSucrose test-
dc.subjectAnhedonia-
dc.subjectForced swimming-
dc.titleChronic mild stress paradigm as a rat model of depression: facts, artifacts, and future perspectives-
dc.typeArticle-
dc.identifier.emailChan, YS: yschan@hku.hk-
dc.identifier.emailLim, LW: limlw@hku.hk-
dc.identifier.authorityChan, YS=rp00318-
dc.identifier.authorityLim, LW=rp02088-
dc.description.naturepublished_or_final_version-
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s00213-021-05982-w-
dc.identifier.scopuseid_2-s2.0-85123502106-
dc.identifier.hkuros330424-
dc.identifier.volume239-
dc.identifier.issue3-
dc.identifier.spage663-
dc.identifier.epage693-
dc.identifier.isiWOS:000746341000004-
dc.publisher.placeGermany-

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