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Article: The Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Version of the Encouragement Character Strength Scale in Selected Undergraduate Students and Teachers

TitleThe Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Version of the Encouragement Character Strength Scale in Selected Undergraduate Students and Teachers
Authors
Issue Date2023
Citation
Journal of Personality Assessment, 2023, v. 105, n. 3, p. 314-328 How to Cite?
AbstractThe Encouragement Character Strength Scale (ECSS) is a self-report measure of encouragement, which refers to a tendency to enjoy and perceive oneself as being accomplished in communicating affirmations to motivate others. Although it is theoretically assumed as an overarching construct consisting of two domain-specific factors (i.e., perceived ability and enjoyment), there is inconclusive evidence regarding the most optimal factor structure of the encouragement construct. This study evaluated the factor structure, measurement invariance, and criterion-related validity of the Chinese version of the ECSS among teachers and undergraduate students in mainland China. Results showed that the bifactor model of encouragement demonstrated the best fit among undergraduate students and teachers. There was evidence supporting the measurement invariance of this factor structure across type of samples (i.e., teachers and undergraduate students) and gender. Ancillary bifactor indices indicate the superiority of using the ECSS’s overall or general factor over subscale scores. The ECSS total score also showed internal consistency and temporal stability. A review of correlations between encouragement and criterion variables (i.e., kindness, hope, agreeableness, and extraversion) indicates that effect sizes ranged from moderate to large. Furthermore, the encouragement general factor was positively correlated with both psychological well-being and work engagement after controlling for the aforementioned criterion variables and demographic covariates.
Persistent Identifierhttp://hdl.handle.net/10722/329865
ISSN
2023 Impact Factor: 2.8
2023 SCImago Journal Rankings: 1.465
ISI Accession Number ID

 

DC FieldValueLanguage
dc.contributor.authorTang, Hui-
dc.contributor.authorLiu, Zhijun-
dc.contributor.authorWong, Y. Joel-
dc.contributor.authorWang, Shu Yi-
dc.contributor.authorDatu, Jesus Alfonso D.-
dc.contributor.authorZhang, Zhenzhen-
dc.contributor.authorXing, Qiang-
dc.date.accessioned2023-08-09T03:35:54Z-
dc.date.available2023-08-09T03:35:54Z-
dc.date.issued2023-
dc.identifier.citationJournal of Personality Assessment, 2023, v. 105, n. 3, p. 314-328-
dc.identifier.issn0022-3891-
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10722/329865-
dc.description.abstractThe Encouragement Character Strength Scale (ECSS) is a self-report measure of encouragement, which refers to a tendency to enjoy and perceive oneself as being accomplished in communicating affirmations to motivate others. Although it is theoretically assumed as an overarching construct consisting of two domain-specific factors (i.e., perceived ability and enjoyment), there is inconclusive evidence regarding the most optimal factor structure of the encouragement construct. This study evaluated the factor structure, measurement invariance, and criterion-related validity of the Chinese version of the ECSS among teachers and undergraduate students in mainland China. Results showed that the bifactor model of encouragement demonstrated the best fit among undergraduate students and teachers. There was evidence supporting the measurement invariance of this factor structure across type of samples (i.e., teachers and undergraduate students) and gender. Ancillary bifactor indices indicate the superiority of using the ECSS’s overall or general factor over subscale scores. The ECSS total score also showed internal consistency and temporal stability. A review of correlations between encouragement and criterion variables (i.e., kindness, hope, agreeableness, and extraversion) indicates that effect sizes ranged from moderate to large. Furthermore, the encouragement general factor was positively correlated with both psychological well-being and work engagement after controlling for the aforementioned criterion variables and demographic covariates.-
dc.languageeng-
dc.relation.ispartofJournal of Personality Assessment-
dc.titleThe Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Version of the Encouragement Character Strength Scale in Selected Undergraduate Students and Teachers-
dc.typeArticle-
dc.description.naturelink_to_subscribed_fulltext-
dc.identifier.doi10.1080/00223891.2022.2090368-
dc.identifier.pmid35767674-
dc.identifier.scopuseid_2-s2.0-85133209674-
dc.identifier.volume105-
dc.identifier.issue3-
dc.identifier.spage314-
dc.identifier.epage328-
dc.identifier.isiWOS:000818840400001-

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